ReviewClinical medicine (London, England)2021
Preventing vitamin D deficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic: UK definitions of vitamin D sufficiency and recommended supplement dose are set too low.
Review in Clinical medicine (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of supplementing vitamin D through different methods on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Iron dysregulation in COVID-19 and reciprocal evolution of SARS-CoV-2: Natura nihil frustra facit.Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2022Pooled it
- The role of vitamin D in prevention OF COVID-19 and its severity: an umbrella review.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2021Pooled it
- The link between COVID-19 and VItamin D (VIVID): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2021Pooled it
- Perspective: Vitamin D supplementation prevents rickets and acute respiratory infections when given as daily maintenance but not as intermittent bolus: implications for COVID-19.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Vitamin D in the UK: an urgent call to redefine the threshold for deficiency.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation in the Czech Republic: Socioeconomic Determinants and Public Awareness Gaps.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Effect of COVID-19 Disease on Serum Vitamin D Status in Children with Asthma-A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Physiology of Vitamin D-Focusing on Disease Prevention.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Vitamin D Fortification of Eggs Alone and in Combination with Milk in Women Aged 44-65 Years: Fortification Model and Economic Evaluation.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2023Article
- Active vitamin D increases myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells via a vitamin D response element on the myogenin promoter.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Assessment of the Association of Vitamin D and the Risk of Tuberculosis among End-Stage Kidney Disease Population.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Vitamin D and COVID-19-Revisited.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
- COVID-19 pandemic and vitamin D: rising trends in status and in daily amounts of vitamin D provided by supplements.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Rapidly Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Boosts the Immune System, against Infections-Sepsis and COVID-19.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Vitamin D repletion in primary hyperparathyroid patients undergoing parathyroidectomy leads to reduced symptomatic hypocalcaemia and reduced length of stay: a retrospective cohort study.Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England · 2022Article
- The challenge of achieving vitamin D adequacy for residents living in long-term care.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
- Decentralized vitamin C & D dual biosensor chip: Toward personalized immune system support.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on byVitamin D.2021
- Commented on byResponse.2021
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is growing evidence linking vitamin D deficiency with risk of COVID-19. It is therefore distressing that there is major disagreement about the optimal serum level for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and appropriate supplement dose. The UK Scientific Advisory Committee for Nutrition has set the lowest level for defining sufficiency (10 ng/ml or 25 nmol/L) of any national advisory body or scientific society and consequently recommends supplementation with 10 micrograms (400 IU) per day. We have searched for published evidence to support this but not found it. There is considerable evidence to support the higher level for sufficiency (20 ng/ml or 50 nmol/L) recommended by the European Food Safety Authority and the American Institute of Medicine and hence greater supplementation (20 micrograms or 800 IU per day). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the UK typically fall by around 50% through winter. We believe that governments should urgently recommend supplementation with 20-25 micrograms (800-1,000 IU) per day.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.