ReviewAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2021
Microenvironment in subchondral bone: predominant regulator for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Review in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 285 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
285 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 468 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric and visualization analysis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis from 2004 to 2024.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of cell-free fat extract and its effects on bone marrow edema in patients with early to mid-stage knee osteoarthritis: a clinical trial in comparison with hyaluronic acid.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Trial
- Hierarchical Nanorocket for spatially coordinated regulation of glycosaminoglycan deposition and metabolism in cartilage.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Research progress of mesenchymal stem cells/stromal cells and their derivatives against cell senescence in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Cartilage-targeting engineered probiotic bacterial extracellular vesicles treat osteoarthritis through modulation of matrix homeostasis.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Microsphere System Coloading Type I Collagen and Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate for Osteoarthritis Therapy.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomics reveals microenvironmental heterogeneity in osteoarthritic subchondral bone.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Anti-RANKL antibody treatment mitigates subchondral bone loss and cartilage degeneration without affecting synovial inflammation in a mouse model of rotator cuff tear arthropathy.Bone & joint research · 2026Article
- Beyond Cartilage Regeneration: Targeting the Subchondral Bone with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Regenerative Medicine in Knee Osteoarthritis.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Application of hydrogel technologies in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Signal-driven interplay between lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis orchestrates osteoarthritis degeneration.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Irisin in Cartilage Homeostasis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications for Osteoarthritis.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Adipose-cartilage communication via EV-Mito-mtDNA signaling promotes osteoarthritis progression.Science advances · 2026Article
- Curcumin-Loaded GelMA Microspheres Alleviate Osteoarthritis: Transcriptomic Evidence for Immune Microenvironment Remodeling and ECM Homeostasis Restoration.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Article
- Metabolic disorders and osteoarthritis: novel insights into pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Life medicine · 2026Review
- Lactate regulates osteoclastogenesis via H3k18la in osteoarthritis.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Matrix Competence Failure in Osteoporosis: Mechanosensing, Osteoimmune Crosstalk, and Fragility Beyond Bone Mineral Density.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Osteocyte-specific gasdermin D deletion accelerates osteoarthritis via promoting subchondral inflammation and remodeling.Bone research · 2026Article
- Osteocyte parvalbumin mediates mechanotransduction to attenuate osteoarthritis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cold Atmospheric Plasma as a Potential Disease-Modifying Therapy for Osteoarthritis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
225 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease in the elderly. Although OA has been considered as primarily a disease of the articular cartilage, the participation of subchondral bone in the pathogenesis of OA has attracted increasing attention. This review summarises the microstructural and histopathological changes in subchondral bone during OA progression that are due, at the cellular level, to changes in the interactions among osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts (OCs), endothelial cells and sensory neurons. Therefore, we focus on how pathological cellular interactions in the subchondral bone microenvironment promote subchondral bone destruction at different stages of OA progression. In addition, the limited amount of research on the communication between OCs in subchondral bone and chondrocytes (CCs) in articular cartilage during OA progression is reviewed. We propose the concept of 'OC-CC crosstalk' and describe the various pathways by which the two cell types might interact. Based on the 'OC-CC crosstalk', we elaborate potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA, including restoring abnormal subchondral bone remodelling and blocking the bridge-subchondral type H vessels. Finally, the review summarises the current understanding of how the subchondral bone microenvironment is related to OA pain and describes potential interventions to reduce OA pain by targeting the subchondral bone microenvironment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.