ArticleCancer research2021
Enhanced Efficacy of Simultaneous PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.
Article in Cancer research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on the culture methods and applications of 3D tumoroids for cancer research and personalized medicine.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Pooled it
- Natural killer cells in ovarian cancer therapy: mechanisms, evasion, and therapeutic innovations.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Anti-PD-1 Treatment Restores Effector Function in Exhausted-like T Cells from Malignant Ascites of Ovarian Cancer Patients.Cancers · 2026Article
- Gastric Cancer Organoids: Mechanistic Insights, Drug Discovery, and Translational Advances in Precision Medicine.Journal of gastric cancer · 2026Review
- Chromosome 22q13 terminal deletion size is associated with relevant clinical features in a sample of 63 Italian patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Article
- Meningioma microenvironment harbors a rich immune landscape that evolves with biological state.Neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Ex Vivo Immuno-Oncology Platform Reveals Spatial T-cell Infiltration Patterns Linked to ATR Inhibition Responses in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Tumor Organoid and Microenvironment Cocultures: Implications for Basic and Translational Cancer Research.MedComm · 2026Review
- A replenishable peritoneal implant for localized delivery and peritoneal fluid sampling in ovarian cancer.Device · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle based siRNA therapeutics for ovarian cancer overcoming drug resistance and future directions.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Organoid modeling identifies EDN1 as a potential oncogenic driver in papillary thyroid carcinoma via modulation of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Methods and applications of patient-derived organoid models for immune microenvironment and immunotherapy research in multiple cancer types.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Fatty acid uptake mediated by FABP4 promotes the formation of CD8Oncogenesis · 2026Article
- Multifunctional Nano Immunostimulant: Overcoming Immunosuppressive Microenvironment for Antitumor Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Follicular T cells in the ovarian cancer immune microenvironment: biological insights and translational implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Engineering immune-competent niches: strategies, applications, and translational hurdles in ovarian cancer organoid models.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cell Therapy in Ovarian Cancer: From Preclinical Potentials to Clinical Applications and Combination Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Models of high-grade serous carcinoma of tubo-ovarian origin.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- Tumor organoid-immune cell co-culture systems for precision oncology.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Large scale quantification of natural killer cell-induced apoptosis in patient-derived organoids reveals intratumoral response heterogeneity.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immune therapies have had limited efficacy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), as the cellular targets and mechanism(s) of action of these agents in HGSC are unknown. Here we performed immune functional and single-cell RNA sequencing transcriptional profiling on novel HGSC organoid/immune cell co-cultures treated with a unique bispecific anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody compared with monospecific anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 controls. Comparing the functions of these agents across all immune cell types in real time identified key immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targets that have eluded currently available monospecific therapies. The bispecific antibody induced superior cellular state changes in both T and natural killer (NK) cells. It uniquely induced NK cells to transition from inert to more active and cytotoxic phenotypes, implicating NK cells as a key missing component of the current ICB-induced immune response in HGSC. It also induced a subset of CD8 T cells to transition from naïve to more active and cytotoxic progenitor-exhausted phenotypes post-treatment, revealing the small, previously uncharacterized population of CD8 T cells responding to ICB in HGSC. These state changes were driven partially through bispecific antibody-induced downregulation of the bromodomain-containing protein BRD1. Small-molecule inhibition of BRD1 induced similar state changes
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.