Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33158446›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2020

Psychometric properties of a modified cultural awareness scale for use in higher education within the health and social care fields.

Christine Kumlien, Melanie Bish, Engle A Chan, Lynn Rew, P S Chan, Doris Leung, Elisabeth Carlson

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical education, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07545135 (Using 'Interactive Escape Room Incorporated Generative AI' to Enhance Clinical Prioritization and Cultural Competence of Health Discipline Students in Community Health Practice - A Randomized Controlled Cross-over Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07545135 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Using 'Interactive Escape Room Incorporated Generative AI' to Enhance Clinical Prioritization and Cultural Competence of Health Discipline Students in Community Health Practice - A Randomized Controlled Cross-over Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe University of Hong KongRan2025 to 2025Enrolled100ConditionsGenerative AI, Interprofessional EducationArmsVirtual Escape Room
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Christine KumlienDepartment of Care Science, Malmö University, Jan Waldenströms gata 25, 20506, Malmö, Sweden. christine.kumlien@mau.se.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1437-5060
Melanie BishDepartment of Rural Nursing & Midwifery, La Trobe Rural Health School, Melbourne, Australia.
Engle A ChanSchool of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Lynn RewSchool of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA.
P S ChanSchool of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Doris LeungSchool of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Elisabeth CarlsonDepartment of Care Science, Malmö University, Jan Waldenströms gata 25, 20506, Malmö, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCultural awareness and cultural competence have become important skills in higher education as populations continue to grow in diversity around the world. However, currently, there are few instruments designed to assess student awareness of the aspects of culture, and the existing instruments need further development and testing for use with different target populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of a modified version of the Cultural Awareness Scale (CAS) for use in higher education within the health and social care fields.

methodsA modified version of the CAS was developed, which was tested psychometrically using cross-sectional data. In total, 191 undergraduate students from different health and social care undergraduate programs in Sweden and Hong Kong responded to a call to test the modified instrument.

resultsThe results showed that the modified CAS is a four-factor measure of cultural awareness and possesses satisfactory internal consistency. Results also support the use of the modified CAS as a generic tool to measure cultural awareness among students in higher education within the health and social care fields.

conclusionThe modified CAS showed satisfactory psychometric properties and can be recommended as a generic tool to measure cultural awareness among students in higher education within the health and social care fields. However, further psychometric testing on the effectiveness of the modified CAS as a tool to evaluate the efficacy of cultural awareness interventions is required.

Indexed as

Cultural CompetencySocial SupportCross-Sectional StudiesHong KongHumansPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesSwedenCultural awarenessCultural awareness scaleCultural competenceFactor analysis

Identifiers

PMID33158446
PMCPMC7648285

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.