ReviewClinical epidemiology2020
Trajectory Modelling Techniques Useful to Epidemiological Research: A Comparative Narrative Review of Approaches.
Review in Clinical epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 300 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
300 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Life Course Trajectories of Body Mass Index and Risk of Cancer in Adulthood: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Group-based trajectory modeling for fear of cancer recurrence in cancer survivors: a systematic review.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Transitions and trajectories in intrinsic capacity states over time: a systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trajectories of Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) Within 3 and 6 Months After the Initiation of Chemotherapy Treatment for Advanced Ovarian Cancer and Clinical Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis of Data from a Phase III Clinical Trial.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Trial
- Distinct trajectories of symptomatic response in ulcerative colitis during filgotinib therapy: A post hoc analysis from the SELECTION study.United European gastroenterology journal · 2024Trial
- Predictors of concerned others' mental health and quality of life over 12 months following adults' entry into treatment for an alcohol use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Trial
- Engagement With a Mobile Chat-Based Intervention for Smoking Cessation: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Machine learning-derived serum carbon dioxide trajectories in predicting prognosis of patients with acute aortic dissection.Medical gas research · 2027Article
- Young adult polysubstance use trajectories and later non-prescribed opioid use and drug use disorder symptoms: A propensity score-matched analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Cognitive complaints and their associations with role functioning limitations among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors in Hong Kong.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Built Environment and Loneliness Trajectories Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Weight and HbA1c trajectories following initiation of continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes: a cohort study using group-based multi-trajectory analysis.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Alcohol use trajectories and liver enzyme changes in adolescents with MASLD: A longitudinal multicenter cohort.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Identifying the trajectory of SPPADE symptoms in patients with cancer using electronic health record data.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Subtyping metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease using electronic health record-linked genomic cohorts reveals diverse etiologies and progression.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Trajectory analysis in clinical research.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Suicidal ideation across pregnancy and the postpartum: Trajectories and assessment with commonly used screening tools.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2026Article
- Associations of transitions in frailty and depressive symptoms with the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults with hypertension: findings from three aging cohorts.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Heart Failure sub-phenotyping and in-hospital and 28-day mortality prediction based on mean arterial pressure trajectory modeling.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
240 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trajectory modelling techniques have been developed to determine subgroups within a given population and are increasingly used to better understand intra- and inter-individual variability in health outcome patterns over time. The objectives of this narrative review are to explore various trajectory modelling approaches useful to epidemiological research and give an overview of their applications and differences. Guidance for reporting on the results of trajectory modelling is also covered. Trajectory modelling techniques reviewed include latent class modelling approaches, ie, growth mixture modelling (GMM), group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM), latent class analysis (LCA), and latent transition analysis (LTA). A parallel is drawn to other individual-centered statistical approaches such as cluster analysis (CA) and sequence analysis (SA). Depending on the research question and type of data, a number of approaches can be used for trajectory modelling of health outcomes measured in longitudinal studies. However, the various terms to designate latent class modelling approaches (GMM, GBTM, LTA, LCA) are used inconsistently and often interchangeably in the available scientific literature. Improved consistency in the terminology and reporting guidelines have the potential to increase researchers' efficiency when it comes to choosing the most appropriate technique that best suits their research questions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.