Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33154358›Full record

ArticleNature communications2020

A universal dual mechanism immunotherapy for the treatment of influenza virus infections.

Xin Liu, Boning Zhang, Yingcai Wang, Hanan S Haymour, Fenghua Zhang, Le-Cun Xu, Madduri Srinivasarao, Philip S Low

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. A monoclonal anti-hemagglutinin stem antibody modified with zanamivir protects against both influenza A and B viruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  9. Anti-Infective Screening of Selected Nine Cannabinoids AgainstCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Targeted recruitment of immune effector cells for rapid eradication of influenza virus infections.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Activation of TREK-1 (American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Influenza A Virus Neuraminidase Inhibitors.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022
    Article
  19. Associations between Temperature and Influenza Activity: A National Time Series Study in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  20. Application of weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify the hub genes in H1N1.International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Xin LiuDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2173-4201
Boning ZhangDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Yingcai WangDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Hanan S HaymourDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Fenghua ZhangDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7376-6029
Le-Cun XuEndocyte Inc., 3000 Kent Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
Madduri SrinivasaraoDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3056-4571
Philip S LowDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. plow@purdue.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-9042-5528
Purdue University West Lafayette · USEndocyte (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Seasonal influenza epidemics lead to 3-5 million severe infections and 290,000-650,000 annual global deaths. With deaths from the 1918 influenza pandemic estimated at >50,000,000 and future pandemics anticipated, the need for a potent influenza treatment is critical. In this study, we design and synthesize a bifunctional small molecule by conjugating the neuraminidase inhibitor, zanamivir, with the highly immunogenic hapten, dinitrophenyl (DNP), which specifically targets the surface of free virus and viral-infected cells. We show that this leads to simultaneous inhibition of virus release, and immune-mediated elimination of both free virus and virus-infected cells. Intranasal or intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of drug to mice infected with 100x MLD

Indexed as

2,4-DinitrophenolAdministration, IntranasalAnimalsAntibodiesAntiviral AgentsCell LineCytotoxicity, ImmunologicDrug Delivery SystemsHumansImmunotherapyInfluenza A virusInfluenza B virusInfusions, ParenteralMiceMice, Inbred BALB CNeuraminidase2,4-DinitrophenolAntibodiesAntiviral AgentsNeuraminidaseZanamivir

Identifiers

PMID33154358
PMCPMC7645797
OpenAlexW3097944723

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.