ArticleAddictive behaviors2021
The contributions of everyday and major experiences of racial discrimination to current alcohol use and regular smoking in Black adults: Considering variation by demographic characteristics and family history.
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analytic review of the relationship between racial discrimination and alcohol and other drug use outcomes in minoritised racial/ethnic groups.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Discrimination, depressive symptoms, and prescription opioid misuse among adults with chronic pain who engage in hazardous drinking.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2026Article
- Racism, discrimination, and distress: A cross-sectional examination of smoking behaviors among adults who smoke during the COVID-19 pandemic.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Influence of Experiences of Discrimination and Anticipated Discrimination on Cardiovascular Health Outcomes.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- The Relationship between Major and Everyday Discrimination and Suicide Thoughts and Behaviors among a Sample of Socially Anxious Job Seekers.Stigma and health · 2025Article
- Associations Among Experiences With Racial Discrimination, Religion/Spirituality, and Cigarette Smoking Among African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Article
- It's Not Just Black and White: Identifying the Combined Influence of Multilevel Determinants of Tobacco Use Among Black Adolescents.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2024Article
- Racial Disparities in Foot Examination among People with Diabetes in Brazil: A Nationwide Survey, 2019.Ethnicity & disease · 2024Article
- "Cigarettes play the equalizer": discrimination experiences and readiness to quit cigarette smoking among African Americans experiencing homelessness: a qualitative analysis.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Discrimination, Mental Health, and Readiness to Quit Smoking.Clinical nursing research · 2023Article
- Physical and Sociocultural Community-Level Influences on Cigar Smoking among Black Young Adults: An In-Depth Interview Investigation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRacial discrimination has consistently been linked to elevated alcohol use and smoking in Black adults, but the independent contributions of everyday and major experiences of discrimination have rarely been investigated. The present study aimed to identify variation in magnitude of the links between each type of racial discrimination with current frequency of alcohol use and regular smoking by demographic characteristics and family history of problem drinking/regular smoking in Black adults in the U.S.
methodsData were drawn from 4462 adults (29.40% Afro Caribbean, 70.60% African American; 63.20% female) in a nationally representative sample of Black Americans. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict current frequency of alcohol use and regular smoking using the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) and Major Experiences of Discrimination Scale (MEDS), testing for interactions with demographic characteristics and family history.
resultsIn the alcohol model, an EDS by education level interaction was observed: OR = 1.04 (CI:1.02-1.07) for < high school; OR = 0.95 (CI:0.92-0.98) for ≥ high school. MEDS was independently associated with alcohol use (OR = 1.11, CI:1.04-1.18). In the smoking model, EDS was associated with elevated risk (OR = 1.03, CI:1.01-1.04) and a MEDS by age cohort interaction was observed: OR = 1.24 (CI:1.11-1.38) for <age 45; OR = 1.07 (CI:0.97-1.19) for ages 45-65.
conclusionsEveryday and major experiences of racial discrimination contribute independently to both alcohol use and regular smoking in Black adults, with some variation by education level and age. Differentiating everyday from major experiences of discrimination in studies of mechanisms linking racial discrimination to substance use will enhance their informativeness for intervention development.
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