ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes: Social Determination of Health.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19.International journal for equity in health · 2021Pooled it
- Sickness and the Social Brain: Love in the Time of COVID.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Outcomes of COVID-19 During the First Wave in Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study of ICU Cases from a Single Hospital.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- COVID-19 testing experiences and attitudes among young adults and socially isolated older adults living in public housing, New York City (2022).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Ten Americas: a systematic analysis of life expectancy disparities in the USA.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Article
- Recognising the heterogeneity of Indigenous Peoples during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review across Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- U.S. COVID-19 vaccine distribution strategies, systems, performance, and lessons learned, December 2020 - May 2023.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Pre-pandemic Individual and Household Predictors of Caregiver and Child COVID-19-Related Stress in a High-Risk Sample.Child protection and practice · 2024Article
- Association of COVID-19 Pandemic with Colorectal Cancer Screening: Impact of Race/Ethnicity and Social Vulnerability.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- A Novel Electronic Record System for Documentation and Efficient Workflow for Community Health Workers: Development and Usability Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Food insecurity in urban American Indian and Alaska Native populations during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Diagnosis and Management of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in the Head and Neck Region: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Food Insecurity in Urban American Indian and Alaska Native Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Research square · 2023Article
- Social justice in medical education: a student-led approach to addressing COVID-19 vaccine equity in the Hispanic/Latinx community.Medical education online · 2023Article
- Article
- Association of Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Mortality Rates in Texas between 15 March 2020, and 21 July 2022: An Ecological Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Modeling Poverty and Health for Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander and Asian Ethnic Populations.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2023Article
- COVID-19 in the Community: Changes to Women's Mental Health, Financial Security, and Physical Activity.AJPM focus · 2023Article
- Frontline work and racial disparities in social and economic pandemic stressors during the first COVID-19 surge.Health services research · 2023Article
- Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 severity and mortality on hospitalized American Indian/Alaska Native patients.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As of 18 October 2020, over 39.5 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 1.1 million associated deaths have been reported worldwide. It is crucial to understand the effect of social determination of health on novel COVID-19 outcomes in order to establish health justice. There is an imperative need, for policy makers at all levels, to consider socioeconomic and racial and ethnic disparities in pandemic planning. Cross-sectional analysis from COVID Boston University's Center for Antiracist Research COVID Racial Data Tracker was performed to evaluate the racial and ethnic distribution of COVID-19 outcomes relative to representation in the United States. Representation quotients (RQs) were calculated to assess for disparity using state-level data from the American Community Survey (ACS). We found that on a national level, Hispanic/Latinx, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders, and Black people had RQs > 1, indicating that these groups are over-represented in COVID-19 incidence. Dramatic racial and ethnic variances in state-level incidence and mortality RQs were also observed. This study investigates pandemic disparities and examines some factors which inform the social determination of health. These findings are key for developing effective public policy and allocating resources to effectively decrease health disparities. Protective standards, stay-at-home orders, and essential worker guidelines must be tailored to address the social determination of health in order to mitigate health injustices, as identified by COVID-19 incidence and mortality RQs.
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