ArticleEnvironment international2021
Organophosphate pesticide dose estimation from spot and 24-hr urine samples collected from children in an agricultural community.
Article in Environment international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Pilot Study to Explore the Application of Silicone Wristband-Based Chemical Exposure Assessment to Kidney Disease Epidemiology in Agricultural Workers.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Presence of Thioxanthones and Their Metabolites in Human Urine and Human Exposure Assessment.Toxics · 2025Article
- An assessment of organophosphate ester mixtures and the placental transcriptome.Environment international · 2025Article
- Article
- Unexpected Exposure Risks to Emerging Aromatic Amine Antioxidants andEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Child exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides measured in urine, wristbands, and household dust and its implications for child health in South Africa: A panel study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Physical exercise and persistent organic pollutants.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Frequency of urinary pesticides in children: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Concentrations of urinary parabens and reproductive hormones in Iranian women: Exposure and risk assessment.Toxicology reports · 2022Article
- Diet Sustainability Analyses Can Be Improved With Updates to the Food Commodity Intake Database.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Electrochemical application of cobalt nanoparticles-polypyrrole composite modified electrode for the determination of phoxim.Analytica chimica acta: X · 2021Article
- Non-Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Experimental Approaches and Analytical Techniques (from 2019).Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Gestational Exposure to Phthalates and Social Responsiveness Scores in Children Using Quantile Regression: The EARLI and HOME Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSpot urine samples are often used to assess exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides in place of "gold standard" 24-hr samples, which are cumbersome to collect. Assessment of non-persistent chemicals using spot urine samples may result in exposure misclassification that could bias epidemiological analyses towards the null. Few studies have examined the validity of measurements of urinary metabolites in spot samples to estimate daily OP dose or the potential implications of reliance on spot samples for risk assessments.
objectiveExamine the validity of using first morning void (FMV) and random non-FMV urine samples to estimate cumulative 24-hr OP pesticide dose among children living in an agricultural region.
methodsWe collected urine samples over 7 consecutive days, including two 24-hr samples, from 25 children living in an agricultural community. We used measurements of urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites, data on nearby agricultural pesticide applications, and daily dietary intake data to estimate internal dose from exposure to a mixture of OP pesticides according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cumulative Risk Assessment guidelines. Dose estimates from volume- and creatinine-adjusted same-day FMV and non-FMV spot urine samples were compared to the "gold standard" estimates from 24-hr samples.
resultsNon-FMV samples had relatively weak ability to predict 24-hr dose (R
conclusionReliance on non-FMV samples for risk assessments may underestimate daily OP dose and the percentage of children with dose estimates exceeding regulatory guidelines. If 24-hr urine sample collection is infeasible, we recommend future studies prioritize the collection of FMV samples to most accurately characterize OP dose in children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.