ReviewPain and therapy2021
A Comprehensive Review of Over the Counter Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain.
Review in Pain and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06987162 (Comparative Effects of Percussive Therapy and Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization On Pain, Muscle Flexibility and Function in Patients With Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain.), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Effects of Percussive Therapy and Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization On Pain, Muscle Flexibility and Function in Patients With Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Predictors of success of pharmacological management in patients with chronic lower back pain: systematic review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review of guideline-recommended medications prescribed for treatment of low back pain.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2022Pooled it
- Assessing the effectiveness of the SOLIO Alfa Cure Plus device in treating low back pain: a randomized controlled study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Research on the mechanism of Duhuo in treating intervertebral disc degeneration based on bioinformatics and network pharmacology.Medicine · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence for Procedural Guidance of Spinal Epidural Steroid Injections: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Does Cognitive Functional Therapy Reduce the Amount of Opioids Dispensed for Chronic Low Back Pain Over 12 Months: A Secondary Analysis From the RESTORE Trial.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Mechanisms and clinical application of photobiomodulation in pain therapy: a mini review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Targeting Inflammatory Cell Death: A Strategy for Discogenic Pain Relief.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Changes of abdominal wall tension across various resistance exercises during maximal and submaximal loads in healthy adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Lumbar disc herniation reabsorption: a review of clinical manifestations, mechanisms, and conservative treatments.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Efficacy of Selective Nerve Root Block for Different Types of Lumbar Disc Herniation: Study Protocol for a Single-Blind, Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Polypharmacy in elective lumbar spinal surgery for degenerative conditions with 24-month follow-up.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Addressing Occupational Back Pain: A Systematic Review of Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies.Cureus · 2023Review
- Digital Therapeutics (DTx) Expand Multimodal Treatment Options for Chronic Low Back Pain: The Nexus of Precision Medicine, Patient Education, and Public Health.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mobility Analysis of the Lumbar Spine with a Dynamic Spine-Correction Device.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Research Trends of Acupuncture Therapy on Myofascial Pain Syndrome from 2000 to 2022: A Bibliometric Analysis.Journal of pain research · 2023Review
- Assessment and nonsurgical management of low back pain: a narrative review.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of the reviewChronic low back pain (CLBP) is a major contributor to societal disease burden and years lived with disability. Nonspecific low back pain (LBP) is attributed to physical and psychosocial factors, including lifestyle factors, obesity, and depression. Mechanical low back pain occurs related to repeated trauma to or overuse of the spine, intervertebral disks, and surrounding tissues. This causes disc herniation, vertebral compression fractures, lumbar spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, and lumbosacral muscle strain. RECENT
findingsA systematic review of relevant literature was conducted. CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and two clinical trials registry databases up to 24 June 2015 were included in this review. Search terms included: low back pain, over the counter, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID), CLBP, ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen, disk herniation, lumbar spondylosis, vertebral compression fractures, spondylolisthesis, and lumbosacral muscle strain. Over-the-counter analgesics are the most frequently used first-line medication for LBP, and current guidelines indicate that over-the-counter medications should be the first prescribed treatment for non-specific LBP. Current literature suggests that NSAIDs and acetaminophen as well as antidepressants, muscle relaxants, and opioids are effective treatments for CLBP. Recent randomized controlled trials also evaluate the benefit of buprenorphine, tramadol, and strong opioids such as oxycodone. This systematic review discusses current evidence pertaining to non-prescription treatment options for chronic low back pain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.