ArticleBlood2021
CD4+ T-cell reconstitution predicts survival outcomes after acute graft-versus-host-disease: a dual-center validation.
Article in Blood, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improved survival with model-based dosing of antithymocyte globulin in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation.Blood advances · 2025Trial
- Lymphoid and myeloid immune cell reconstitution after nicotinamide-expanded cord blood transplantation.Bone marrow transplantation · 2021Trial
- Synergistic immune interactions between T cells and natural killer cells in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia: current status and future directions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- ATG exposure in T replete transplant for hematological malignancies: Real world analysis from BMT CTN 1202.Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia-associated CD8Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Damage-induced pyroptosis drives endogenous thymic regeneration by activating the purinergic receptor P2Y2.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio predicts mortality in acute graft-versus- host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Harmonized immune recovery monitoring after HCT: evidence and practical guidance from the Westhafen Intercontinental Group.Blood advances · 2025Review
- Early CD4 + T cell immune reconstitution as a biomarker for Epstein-Barr virus control following allogeneic transplantation.Blood research · 2025Article
- Damage-induced IL-18 stimulates thymic NK cells limiting endogenous tissue regeneration.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Immune Monitoring after Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Guidelines by the ISCT Stem Cell Engineering Committee.Cytotherapy · 2025Review
- Delayed T-cell recovery after hematopoietic cell transplantation is associated with decreased overall survival in adults.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Burning Down the House: Thymic Repair and Regeneration After Acute Damage.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Endogenous thymic regeneration: restoring T cell production following injury.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Global T-cell functionality evaluated by whole blood interferon-gamma release assay as a valuable indicator for immune reconstitution monitoring in pediatric allo-HSCT.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Thymic peptides in immune reconstitution and clinical outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.Blood neoplasia · 2025Review
- Relevance of Recent Thymic Emigrants Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Pediatric Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2025Article
- Bodyweight and Absolute Lymphocyte Count-Based Dosing of Rabbit Anti-thymocyte Globulin Results in Early CD4Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2025Article
- Dynamics of Immune Reconstitution and Impact on Outcomes across CAR-T Cell Products in Large B-cell Lymphoma.Blood cancer discovery · 2025Article
- Impact of post-transplant cyclophosphamide with bendamustine on immune reconstitution in young patients undergoing T-cell replete haploidentical bone marrow transplantation: results from a phase Ia/Ib clinical trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host-Disease (aGVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We previously showed that early CD4+ T-cell immune reconstitution (IR; CD4+ IR) predicts survival after HCT. Here, we studied the relation between CD4+ IR and survival in patients developing aGVHD. Pediatric patients undergoing first allogeneic HCT at University Medical Center Utrecht (UMC)/Princess Máxima Center (PMC) or Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) were included. Primary outcomes were nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS), stratified for aGVHD and CD4+ IR, defined as ≥50 CD4+ T cells per μL within 100 days after HCT or before aGVHD onset. Multivariate and time-to-event Cox proportional hazards models were applied, and 591 patients (UMC/PMC, n = 276; MSK, n = 315) were included. NRM in patients with grade 3 to 4 aGVHD with or without CD4+ IR within 100 days after HCT was 30% vs 80% (P = .02) at UMC/PMC and 5% vs 67% (P = .02) at MSK. This was associated with lower OS without CD4+ IR (UMC/PMC, 61% vs 20%; P = .04; MSK, 75% vs 33%; P = .12). Inadequate CD4+ IR before aGVHD onset was associated with significantly higher NRM (74% vs 12%; P < .001) and inferior OS (24% vs 78%; P < .001). In this retrospective analysis, we demonstrate that early CD4+ IR, a simple and robust marker predictive of outcomes after HCT, is associated with survival after moderate to severe aGVHD. This association must be confirmed prospectively but suggests strategies to improve T-cell recovery after HCT may influence survival in patients developing aGVHD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.