Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33150370›Full record

ArticleJournal of athletic training2021

Resting Electrocardiogram and Blood Pressure in Young Endurance and Nonendurance Athletes and Nonathletes.

Heikki Pentikäinen, Kerttu Toivo, Sami Kokko, Lauri Alanko, Olli J Heinonen, Raija Korpelainen, Harri Selänne, Tommi Vasankari, Urho M Kujala, Jari Villberg and 2 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of athletic training, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  3. Cardiovascular evaluation of athletes ahead of participation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Heikki PentikäinenKuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Finland.
Kerttu ToivoTampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Finland.
Sami KokkoFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Lauri AlankoClinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
Olli J HeinonenPaavo Nurmi Center & Unit of Health and Physical Activity University of Turku, Finland.
Raija KorpelainenDepartment of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute, Finland.
Harri SelänneDepartment of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Tommi VasankariUKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
Urho M KujalaFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Jari VillbergFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Jari ParkkariTampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Finland.
Kai SavonenKuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Finland.
University of Jyväskylä · FIUrho Kaleva Kekkonen Institute · FIKuopio University Hospital · FIOulu Deaconess Institute · FITampere University Hospital · FIUniversity of Eastern Finland · FIUniversity of Turku · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextMuch information is available on electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) changes in senior athletes. However, corresponding data on adolescent athletes are scarce.

objectiveTo study the differences in resting ECG and BP values among adolescent endurance athletes, nonendurance athletes, and nonathletes.

designCross-sectional study.

settingA total of 154 youth sports clubs in Finland and 100 secondary schools for comparison data. PATIENTS OR OTHER

participantsWe recruited young athletes (n = 410) aged 14 to 16 years in 10 popular sport disciplines, including winter and summer as well as team and individual sports, and categorized them as endurance or nonendurance sports. Comparison data for age-matched, non-sports club participants (n = 164) were collected via secondary schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Resting ECG, including heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QRS axis, QRS amplitude, T axis, and QT interval as well as systolic and diastolic BPs.

resultsNo differences in any ECG variable of interest were found between the endurance and nonendurance athletes. The PR interval was longer in endurance athletes than in nonathletes (P = .05). The QRS amplitude (P = .03) was higher among nonendurance athletes than among nonathletes. Diastolic BP was lower among endurance (P = .002) and nonendurance (P = .02) athletes than among nonathletes. Endurance athletes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.81, 4.50) and nonendurance athletes (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.43, 3.35) were more likely to have sinus bradycardia than were nonathletes. Nonendurance athletes were more likely to have elevated systolic BP than were endurance athletes (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.07, 2.72) and nonathletes (OR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.87).

conclusionsYoung athletes had similar ECG and BP findings independent of their sports. Physiological adaptations including sinus bradycardia, higher QRS amplitude, and lower diastolic BP, which are commonly seen in adult athletes, were also present in adolescent athletes.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalAdolescentAthletesBlood PressureCross-Sectional StudiesElectrocardiographyElectrophysiologic Techniques, CardiacFemaleHeart RateHumansMaleRestSportsadolescent athletescardiovascular healthheart electric activitysports clubs

Identifiers

PMID33150370
PMCPMC8130770
OpenAlexW3096819686

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.