ReviewImmunoTargets and therapy2020
GM-CSF: A Promising Target in Inflammation and Autoimmunity.
Review in ImmunoTargets and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome: potential of therapeutic interventions effective in treating progression from COVID-19 to treat progression from other illnesses-a systematic review.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of namilumab for the treatment of chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis (RESOLVE-Lung): a randomised, double-blinded, multicentre, phase 2 study.The European respiratory journal · 2026Trial
- Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 as a central integrator of immune-microbiota crosstalk in colitis (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Association between serum anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies and nintedanib-induced diarrhea in interstitial lung disease: a retrospective study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Aspartate Transporter SLC1A3 Promotes Colorectal Cancer via MDM2-p53 Pathway and M2 Macrophage Polarization.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Enhanced invasiveness promotes the dominance of a widely-distributed carbapenem-resistant virulence-plasmid-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae sublineage.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Interstitial and recruited macrophages prevent tuberculosis relapse by limiting immune evasion.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Innate lymphoid cells in rheumatoid arthritis as mediators of pathology and resolution.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Evaluating immunoreactivity of hybridoma-derived antibody mixtures generated against AU-565 cell line for diagnosis and immunotherapy of breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Distinct Immunomodulatory Strategies Guide Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Mediated Bone Regeneration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- 3D models for oral inflammation using gingival fibroblasts, lipopolysaccharides and hypoxia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tofacitinib repairs inflammation and mitochondrial dysregulation in GM-CSF-reprogrammed RA macrophages.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Endogenous immune recruitment in glioblastoma CAR T therapy: cytokine, myeloid, and chemokine circuitry.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Maternal lung inflammation and apoptosis following gestational exposure to secondhand smoke and E-cigarette vapor: Implications for maternal-fetal health.Experimental and molecular pathology · 2026Article
- Transcriptome and m6A epitranscriptome profiling reveal CCL20 as a key mediator of inflammation in Staphylococcus aureus-induced bovine mastitis.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Serum Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Clinical Remission: A Cross-Sectional Comparison by Anti-TNF Therapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Hematopoietic and T-lymphopoiesis-stimulating effects of a fluorinated pyrazolopiperidine β-cyclodextrin complex in cyclophosphamide-induced hematopoietic suppression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- GM-CSF promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage activation associated with Akt/mTOR signaling during experimental colitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dietary monounsaturated fatty acids reduce nerve inflammation and improve nerve function in murine models of obesity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cytokine, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), was firstly identified as being able to induce in vitro the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow progenitors into granulocytes and macrophages. Much preclinical data have indicated that GM-CSF has a wide range of functions across different tissues in its action on myeloid cells, and GM-CSF deletion/depletion approaches indicate its potential as an important therapeutic target in several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, for example, rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we discuss briefly the biology of GM-CSF, raise some current issues and questions pertaining to this biology, summarize the results from preclinical models of a range of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and list the latest clinical trials evaluating GM-CSF blockade in such disorders.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.