ArticleScientific reports2020
Growth and development of the third permanent molar in Paranthropus robustus from Swartkrans, South Africa.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reading hominin life history in fossil bones and teeth: methods to test hypotheses regarding its evolution.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Integrating mandibular evidence to assess morphological variation of the Australopithecus afarensis maxilla.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2026Article
- Geochemical chronologies in Paranthropus robustus teeth inform habitat and life histories.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- The Homo erectus Female Revisited.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Enamel proteins reveal biological sex and genetic variability in southern AfricanScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
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- Wild boar versus domestic pig-Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Human cooperation and evolutionary transitions in individuality.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Impact of claudin-10 deficiency on amelogenesis: Lesson from a HELIX tooth.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Third permanent molars (M3s) are the last tooth to form but have not been used to estimate age at dental maturation in early fossil hominins because direct histological evidence for the timing of their growth has been lacking. We investigated an isolated maxillary M3 (SK 835) from the 1.5 to 1.8-million-year-old (Mya) site of Swartkrans, South Africa, attributed to Paranthropus robustus. Tissue proportions of this specimen were assessed using 3D X-ray micro-tomography. Thin ground sections were used to image daily growth increments in enamel and dentine. Transmitted light microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging revealed fluctuations in Ca concentration that coincide with daily growth increments. We used regional daily secretion rates and Sr marker-lines to reconstruct tooth growth along the enamel/dentine and then cementum/dentine boundaries. Cumulative growth curves for increasing enamel thickness and tooth height and age-of-attainment estimates for fractional stages of tooth formation differed from those in modern humans. These now provide additional means for assessing late maturation in early hominins. M3 formation took ≥ 7 years in SK 835 and completion of the roots would have occurred between 11 and 14 years of age. Estimated age at dental maturation in this fossil hominin compares well with what is known for living great apes.
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