Trial reportNature communications2020
Hormonal contraception alters vaginal microbiota and cytokines in South African adolescents in a randomized trial.
Trial report in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02404038 (An Open-Label, Randomized Crossover Study to Evaluate the Acceptability and Preference for Contraceptive Options in Healthy HIV-Uninfected Female Adolescents, 16-17 Years of Age, as Proxy for HIV Prevention Methods), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-Label, Randomized Crossover Study to Evaluate the Acceptability and Preference for Contraceptive Options in Healthy HIV-Uninfected Female Adolescents, 16-17 Years of Age, as Proxy for HIV Prevention Methods
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Exogenous Sex Steroids on the Vaginal Microbiota: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of contraceptive methods on the vaginal microbiome and host immune factors.Contraception · 2025Trial
- Systems analysis reveals differential expression of endocervical genes in African women randomized to DMPA-IM, LNG implant or cu-IUD.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Trial
- Persistent, Asymptomatic Colonization withMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Trial
- The impact of pelvic floor electrical stimulation on vaginal microbiota and immunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Trial
- Impact of the menstrual cycle and ethinyl estradiol/etonogestrel contraceptive vaginal ring on granulysin and other mucosal immune mediators.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2021Trial
- Comparison of Female Genital Tract Cytokine and Microbiota Signatures Induced by Initiation of Intramuscular DMPA and NET-EN Hormonal Contraceptives - a Prospective Cohort Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Relieving effect of Lactobacillus crispatus RS08 on Candida albicans-induced vaginitis by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Co-Occurrence ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Vaginal microbiomes and their pertinent social context: a microbial ecological review proffering AMR-STI acquisition and emergence.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Short-term HPV detection dynamics across hormonal contraceptive methods in adolescent girls and young women: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial in South Africa.Research square · 2026Article
- Insights into fungal diversity and dynamics of vaginal mycobiota.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Observational
- Population-level analyses identify host and environmental variables influencing the vaginal microbiome.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Impact of Hormonal Contraceptives on HPV Dynamics in Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Insights from a Randomized Controlled Sub-Study in South Africa.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Vaginal microbiota and circulating interferon-stimulated genes in lactating dairy cows at and following time of artificial insemination.Journal of animal science · 2025Article
- Sexual Violence, Genital Cytokines, and Colposcopy Findings: A Cross-Sectional Study of Women Engaged in Sex Work in Mombasa, Kenya.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Microbial influences on HPV infection and cervical carcinogenesis: emerging evidence from the vaginal microbiome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Pathophysiological Consequences Associated with Hormonal Contraceptives Use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.Open access journal of contraception · 2025Review
- Using short-read 16S rRNA sequencing of multiple variable regions to generate high-quality results to a species level.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Young women in sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionally affected by HIV infection and unintended pregnancies. However, hormonal contraceptive (HC) use may influence HIV risk through changes in genital tract microbiota and inflammatory cytokines. To investigate this, 130 HIV negative adolescent females aged 15-19 years were enrolled into a substudy of UChoose, an open-label randomized crossover study (NCT02404038), comparing acceptability and contraceptive product preference as a proxy for HIV prevention delivery methods. Participants were randomized to injectable norethisterone enanthate (Net-En), combined oral contraceptives (COC) or etonorgesterol/ethinyl estradiol combined contraceptive vaginal ring (CCVR) for 16 weeks, then crossed over to another HC for 16 weeks. Cervicovaginal samples were collected at baseline, crossover and exit for characterization of the microbiota and measurement of cytokine levels; primary endpoints were cervical T cell activation, vaginal microbial diversity and cytokine concentrations. Adolescents randomized to COCs had lower vaginal microbial diversity and relative abundance of HIV risk-associated taxa compared to Net-En or CCVR. Cervicovaginal inflammatory cytokine concentrations were significantly higher in adolescents randomized to CCVR compared to COC and Net-En. This suggests that COC use may induce an optimal vaginal ecosystem by decreasing bacterial diversity and inflammatory taxa, while CCVR use is associated with genital inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.