ArticleScience advances2020
Female hunters of the early Americas.
Article in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Complex perishable technologies from the North American Great Basin reveal specialized Late Pleistocene adaptations.Science advances · 2026Article
- Exploring matrilocality in history: insights from ancient DNA.Evolutionary human sciences · 2026Article
- Sex and Gender Identities Are Emergent Properties of Neural Complexity.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Regional disparities in US media coverage of archaeology research.Science advances · 2025Article
- Charting the Unknown : Sex Differences in Spatial Exploration Across the Lifespan.Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Human dietary diversity in the Colombian Andes at the terminal Pleistocene-late Holocene sites Tequendama and Aguazuque.iScience · 2025Article
- Article
- Extensive locomotor versatility across a global sample of hunter-gatherer societies.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Zoographics in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior: Increasing inclusion of female animals.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2024Article
- Automated High-Throughput Biological Sex Identification from Archeological Human Dental Enamel Using Targeted Proteomics.Journal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Political organization and gender predict violence in the Andean archaeological record.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- South American Archaeological Isotopic Database, a regional-scale multi-isotope data compendium for research.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Remembering the null hypothesis when searching for brain sex differences.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Article
- Stable isotope chemistry reveals plant-dominant diet among early foragers on the Andean Altiplano, 9.0-6.5 cal. ka.PloS one · 2024Article
- Lithic usewear confirms the function of Wilamaya Patjxa projectile points.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Evidence of the active participation of women in the intergroup conflict based on the use of aggression and cooperation.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Extraction Protocol for Parallel Analysis of Proteins and DNA from Ancient Teeth and Dental Calculus.Journal of proteome research · 2023Article
- Atlatl use equalizes female and male projectile weapon velocity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Amelogenin peptide analyses reveal female leadership in Copper Age Iberia (c. 2900-2650 BC).Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sexual division of labor with females as gatherers and males as hunters is a major empirical regularity of hunter-gatherer ethnography, suggesting an ancestral behavioral pattern. We present an archeological discovery and meta-analysis that challenge the man-the-hunter hypothesis. Excavations at the Andean highland site of Wilamaya Patjxa reveal a 9000-year-old human burial (WMP6) associated with a hunting toolkit of stone projectile points and animal processing tools. Osteological, proteomic, and isotopic analyses indicate that this early hunter was a young adult female who subsisted on terrestrial plants and animals. Analysis of Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene burial practices throughout the Americas situate WMP6 as the earliest and most secure hunter burial in a sample that includes 10 other females in statistical parity with early male hunter burials. The findings are consistent with nongendered labor practices in which early hunter-gatherer females were big-game hunters.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.