ReviewCancers2020
Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Solid Cancer and Therapy Resistance.
Review in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of pyrotinib combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel as first-line treatment for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer in patients previously treated with adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant trastuzumab therapy: The stage 1 results of a single-arm, phase 2 prospective clinical trial.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Trial
- PROFET predicts continuous gene expression dynamics from scRNA-seq data to elucidate heterogeneity of cancer treatment responses.Cell systems · 2026Article
- Toll-like Receptor 3 as a Context-Dependent Molecular Switch in Epithelial Cancers: Balancing Cell Death and Tumor-Supportive Programs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The double-edged sword role of tumor-associated macrophages: preventing or causing resistance to immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Adaptor proteins regulating tumor-associated macrophage polarization during cancer progression.Oncoscience · 2026Review
- In Silico Development of a Multi-epitope Vaccine Targeting TFDP3: A Novel Approach for Cancer Immunotherapy.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- The tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer - new clinical challenges, but more opportunities.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Adenovirus E1B-55K regulates p53-dependent and -independent gene expression during infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Epithelial-YAP activation promotes wound-induced SCC in a TLR3-dependent microenvironment.Cancer letters · 2025Article
- M1 Macrophage Extracellular Vesicles and TLR3 Agonist Nanoparticles Down-Regulate Immunosuppression and Metastasis via AKT/TAM in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2025Article
- Systematic profiling of cancer-fibroblast interactions reveals drug combinations in ovarian cancer.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- TLR3 activation mediates partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human keratinocytes.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- Toll-like Receptors: Key Players in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Liposomes-Encapsulating Double-Stranded Nucleic Acid (Poly I:C) for Head and Neck Cancer Treatment.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Analysis of Selected Toll-like Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Advancement of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Radiotherapy Combined with Intralesional Immunostimulatory Agents for Soft Tissue Sarcomas.Seminars in radiation oncology · 2024Review
- Exploring the underlying correlation between microbiota, immune system, hormones, and inflammation with breast cancer and the role of probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Necrotic Cells from Head and Neck Carcinomas Release Biomolecules That Are Activating Toll-like Receptor 3.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Toll‑like receptor 3 ligands for breast cancer therapies (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- The TLR3 L412F polymorphism prevents TLR3-mediated tumor cell death induction in pediatric sarcomas.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, which has been extensively studied for its antiviral function. It is highly expressed in the endosomes of antigen-presenting immune cells and epithelial cells. TLR3 binds specifically double-strand RNAs (dsRNAs), leading to the activation of mainly two downstream pathways: the phosphorylation of IRF3, with subsequent production of type I interferon, and the activation of NF-κB, which drives the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Several studies have demonstrated TLR3 expression in multiple neoplasia types including breast, prostate, and lung cancer. Most studies were focused on the beneficial role of TLR3 activation in tumor cells, which leads to the production of cytotoxic cytokines and interferons and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis. Indeed, ligands of this receptor were proposed for the treatment of cancer, also in combination with conventional chemotherapy. In contrast to these findings, recent evidence showed a link between TLR3 and tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms through which TLR3 can either lead to tumor regression or promote carcinogenesis as well as the potential of TLR-based therapies in resistant cancer.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.