ArticleThe Journal of clinical psychiatry2020
Differences in Prescription Stimulant Misuse Motives Across Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States.
Article in The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineGuideline
- Sex differences in the response to treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Mental Health Consequences of Opioid Pain Medication Use Behaviors and Motives Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: Results From a National Survey.Psycho-oncology · 2025Article
- Correlates of fentanyl preference among people who use drugs in Rhode Island.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Stimulant Therapy and Prescription Drug Misuse During Transition to Young Adulthood.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Is age of onset and duration of stimulant therapy for ADHD associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription stimulant misuse?Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2024Article
- Potential risk groups and psychological, psychosocial, and health behavioral predictors of pharmacological neuroenhancement among university students in Germany.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Within-Person Predictors of Same-Day Alcohol and Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among Youth Presenting to an Urban Emergency Department.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2022Article
- Behavioral Willingness, Descriptive Normative Perceptions, and Prescription Stimulant Misuse among Young Adults 18-20.Substance use & misuse · 2022Article
- Characterizing prescription stimulant nonmedical use (NMU) among adults recruited from Reddit.Addictive behaviors reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWhile prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) is common in adolescents and young adults (AYAs), PSM motives are poorly understood. This study examined a number of PSM motives across the AYA age spectrum using the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
methodsIn all, 86,918 AYAs (aged 14-25 years) were included. Individual PSM motives (eg, to study) and motive categories (ie, cognitive enhancement only, recreational only, weight loss only, and combined motives) were examined by age. Logistic regression models examined links between individual motives or motive categories and educational status, substance use, DSM-IV substance use disorders (SUD), and mental health correlates.
resultsSignificant differences were found across AYAs in cognitive enhancement only (14 years = 40.4%; 24 and 25 years = 71.2%; P < .0001) and recreational only (14 years = 25.8%; 24 and 25 years = 9.8%; P < .0001) or combined PSM motives, (14 years = 32.3%; 24 and 25 years = 18.0%; P = .008); college students and graduates had particularly high rates of cognitive enhancement only (college = 78.2%; graduates = 74.7%; non-college = 63.5%). Recreational-only and combined motives were significantly elevated in AYAs with any past-year SUD, especially to get high (78%-136% higher in those with SUD; P ≤ .001). While any PSM was associated with higher odds of SUD and mental health outcomes, including suicidal ideation, odds were highest for recreational or combined motives.
conclusionsCognitive enhancement with PSM occurs more often in young adults compared to adolescents, college students endorse more cognitive enhancement than those not in school, and the presence of any PSM in AYAs is linked to more substance use, suicidal ideation, and other psychopathology. PSM prevention in adolescents as well as screening and intervention among AYA is highly recommended.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.