ArticleAIDS patient care and STDs2020
Changes in Internalized Stigma and HIV Health Outcomes in Individuals New to HIV Care: The Mediating Roles of Depression and Treatment Self-Efficacy.
Article in AIDS patient care and STDs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychometric Properties of the Berger HIV Stigma Scale: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Bridge Nodes Linking Depression and Medication Taking Self-Efficacy Dimensions Among Persons With HIV: A Secondary Data Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Brief cognitive behavior therapy for stigmatization, depression, quality of life, social support and adherence to treatment among patients with HIV/AIDS: a randomized control trial.BMC psychiatry · 2023Trial
- HIV-Related Stigma in People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Portuguese Clinical Cohort.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with High Internalized Stigma Among People Living with HIV in Selected Provinces in Vietnam.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Correlates of Internalized HIV Stigma Among Ugandan PLWH.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Unsuppressed viral load and its associated factors among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Clinic Attendance Over Time Among People in Argentina Living with HIV and Lost to Care.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Stigma, Food Insecurity, and Limited Social Support as Psychosocial Correlates of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Pregnant Women Living With HIV: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of an Updated Internalized HIV Stigma Scale Among People Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- The burden of HIV-related stigma on clinical and quality of life outcomes: results from a systematic literature review.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2026Review
- Gender, mental health symptoms, loss to clinic, and viral non-suppression 6 months after HIV care initiation among a cohort of people with HIV in Cameroon.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Subjective social status in relation to the associations between internalized stigmas and missed HIV appointments among MSM who use substances.SSM. Mental health · 2025Article
- Experienced and anticipated HIV-related stigma and depression among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana: the role of internalized HIV stigma.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Refugee stigma and its toll on mental health: development and validation of the refugee stigma scale (RSS).BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Factors associated with HIV-related stigma among adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in the Asia-Pacific region.AIDS care · 2025Article
- Association between HIV knowledge and stigma among HIV healthcare workers in the Dominican Republic: The role of empathy and social distance.Stigma and health · 2025Article
- How Does Poverty Stigma Affect Depression Symptoms for Women Living with HIV? Longitudinal Mediating and Moderating Mechanisms.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is limited research on the effects of stigma on health outcomes among new-to-HIV care individuals. We examined the effect of changes in internalized stigma over time on health behaviors and outcomes such as viral suppression, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, and visit adherence among new-to-HIV care individuals. We also analyzed the mediating effects of adherence self-efficacy and depressive symptoms in these associations. Participants were 186 persons living with HIV who initiated care at four HIV clinical sites in the United States and had diverse geographical and ethnic backgrounds. Baseline and 48-week follow-up assessments included measures of internalized stigma, ART adherence, depressive symptoms, and adherence self-efficacy. HIV visit adherence and viral load data were extracted from clinic records. Age, race, gender, insurance status, and site were controlled in all analyses. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of adherence and viral suppression. Change (decrease) in internalized stigma was calculated by subtracting follow-up internalized stigma scores from baseline scores and served as the main predictor. Mediation analyses included calculation of 95% confidence intervals for the indirect effects using bootstrapping. Decreases in internalized stigma over time were positively associated with viral suppression, ART adherence, and visit adherence. Adherence self-efficacy significantly mediated these effects of decrease in internalized stigma on all outcomes. Depressive symptoms only mediated the association between decrease in internalized stigma and ART adherence. Interventions that address internalized stigma and depressive symptoms, as well as adherence self-efficacy, may significantly improve adherence and viral suppression outcomes for individuals new to HIV care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.