Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Induction of Cross-Reactive Hemagglutination Inhibiting Antibody and Polyfunctional CD4+ T-Cell Responses by a Recombinant Matrix-M-Adjuvanted Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03658629 (Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Confirm the Dose and Formulation of a Recombinant Quadrivalent Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Confirm the Dose and Formulation of a Recombinant Quadrivalent Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine (Quad-NIV) With or Without Matrix-M1™ Adjuvant in Healthy Adults ≥ 65 Years of Age
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strong CD4+ T-Cell Responses to Ancestral and Variant Spike Proteins Are Established by NVX-CoV2373 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Primary Vaccination.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity following a homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine (NVX-CoV2373): a secondary analysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Different dose regimens of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) in younger and older adults: A phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- Phase 1-2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine.The New England journal of medicine · 2020Trial
- Hemagglutinin-displaying influenza nanovaccines: progress and promise.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Age-dependent immune landscapes affect influenza vaccine effectiveness and guide precision strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Adjuvanted Recombinant Hemagglutinin Vaccine Provides Durable and Broad-Spectrum Immunogenicity in Mice.Vaccines · 2025Article
- The Elicitation of an Antigen-Specific Antibody Immune Response Using a Nanoparticulate Adjuvant Derived fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Nanotechnology's frontier in combatting infectious and inflammatory diseases: prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- The Matrix-M™ adjuvant: A critical component of vaccines for the 21Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Biodistribution of the saponin-based adjuvant Matrix-M™ following intramuscular injection in mice.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2023Article
- Flagellin-Fused Protein Targeting M2e and HA2 Induces Innate and T-Cell Responses in Mice of Different Genetic Lines.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Plant-derived immuno-adjuvants in vaccines formulation: a promising avenue for improving vaccines efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 virus.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2022Review
- Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Supplemental Statement on Recombinant Influenza Vaccines.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2022Article
- Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Statement for 2022-2023.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza Vaccination: Cross-Protection, Co-Administration, Combination Vaccines, and Hesitancy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Recent Progress in Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Development Toward Heterosubtypic Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The role of cell-mediated immunity against influenza and its implications for vaccine evaluation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecurrent reports of suboptimal influenza vaccine effectiveness have renewed calls to develop improved, broadly cross-protective influenza vaccines. Here, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a novel, saponin (Matrix-M)-adjuvanted, recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) quadrivalent nanoparticle influenza vaccine (qNIV).
methodsWe conducted a randomized, observer-blind, comparator-controlled (trivalent high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine [IIV3-HD] or quadrivalent recombinant influenza vaccine [RIV4]), safety and immunogenicity trial of qNIV (5 doses/formulations) in healthy adults ≥65 years. Vaccine immunogenicity was measured by hemagglutination-inhibition assays using reagents that express wild-type hemagglutination inhibition (wt-HAI) sequences and cell-mediated immune responses.
resultsA total of 1375 participants were randomized, immunized, and followed for safety and immunogenicity. Matrix-M-adjuvanted qNIV induced superior wt-HAI antibody responses against 5 of 6 homologous or drifted strains compared with unadjuvanted qNIV. Adjuvanted qNIV induced post-vaccination wt-HAI antibody responses at day 28 that were statistically higher than IIV3-HD against a panel of homologous or drifted A/H3N2 strains, similar to IIV3-HD against homologous A/H1N1 and B (Victoria) strains and similar to RIV4 against all homologous and drifted strains evaluated. The qNIV formulation with 75 µg Matrix-M adjuvant induced substantially higher post-vaccination geometric mean fold increases of influenza HA-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells compared with IIV3-HD or RIV4. Overall, similar frequencies of solicited and unsolicited adverse events were reported in all treatment groups.
conclusionsqNIV with 75 µg Matrix-M adjuvant was well tolerated and induced robust antibody and cellular responses, notably against both homologous and drifted A/H3N2 viruses. Further investigation in a pivotal phase 3 trial is underway. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT03658629.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.