ArticleDevelopmental psychobiology2021
Exploring the hormonal and neural correlates of paternal protective behavior to their infants.
Article in Developmental psychobiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Testosterone Levels, Challenging Parenting Behavior, and Protective Parenting Behavior: A Correlational Study Among First-Time Fathers in the First Year of Fatherhood.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Do Child Gender Stereotypes Mediate Associations Between Human Fathers' Testosterone Levels and Paternal Involvement? Two Studies.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Article
- Is paternal oxytocin an oxymoron? Oxytocin, vasopressin, testosterone, oestradiol and cortisol in emerging fatherhood.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Fathers' involvement in early childcare is associated with amygdala resting-state connectivity.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2022Article
- Exploring the hormonal and neural correlates of paternal protective behavior to their infants.Developmental psychobiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infant protection is an important but largely neglected aspect of parental care. Available theory and research suggest that endocrine levels and neural responses might be biological correlates of protective behavior. However, no research to date examined associations between these neurobiological and behavioral aspects. This study, preregistered on https://osf.io/2acxd, explored the psychobiology of paternal protection in 77 new fathers by combining neural responses to infant-threatening situations, self-reported protective behavior, behavioral observations in a newly developed experimental set-up (Auditory Startling Task), and measurements of testosterone and vasopressin. fMRI analyses validated the role of several brain networks in the processing of infant-threatening situations and indicated replicable findings with the infant-threat paradigm. We found little overlap between observed and reported protective behavior. Robust associations between endocrine levels, neural responses, and paternal protective behavior were absent.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.