ArticleHealth services research2021
Health insurance coverage and self-employment.
Article in Health services research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- What Is Old Age? Differences in Views of Old Age Between Employees and the Self-Employed.International journal of aging & human development · 2026Article
- Patterns of CPBMI-OC and associated factors among platform workers in new forms of employment in China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Impact of Multimorbidity on Labor Force Participation Among the Middle-Aged and Older Working Population in the United States.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of work-related hand and wrist injuries in a referral center: A descriptive study.World journal of orthopedics · 2024Article
- Self-Employed Canadians' Experiences with Cancer and Work: A Qualitative Study.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Article
- Self-employment and health inequality of migrant workers.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Health insurance coverage and self-employment.Health services research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSelf-employed workers are 10% of the US labor force, with growth projected over the next decade. Whether existing policy mechanisms are sufficient to ensure health insurance coverage for self-employed workers, who do not have access to employer-sponsored coverage, is unclear.
objectiveTo determine whether self-employment is associated with lack of health insurance coverage. DATA SOURCES: Secondary analysis of Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data collected 2014-2017. STUDY
designParticipants were working age (18-64 years), employed, civilian noninstitutionalized US adults with two years of Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) participation in 2014-2017. We compared those who were employees vs those who were self-employed. Key outcomes were self-report of health insurance coverage, and of delaying needed medical care. DATA EXTRACTION
methodsLongitudinal design among individuals who were employees during study year 1, comparing health insurance coverage among those who did vs did not transition to self-employment in year 2. PRINCIPAL
findings16 335 individuals, representing 121 473 345 working-age adults, met inclusion criteria; of these, 147, representing 1 097 582 individuals, transitioned to self-employment. In unadjusted analyses, 25.7% of those who became self-employed were uninsured in year 2, vs 8.1% of those who remained employees (P < .0001). In adjusted models, self-employment was associated with greater risk of being uninsured (26.1% vs 8.0%, risk difference 18.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.2% to 26.9%, P = .0001). A time-by-employment type product term suggests that 10.0 percentage points (95%CI 0.3 to 19.7 percentage points, P = .04) of the risk difference may be attributable to the change to self-employment. Self-employment was also associated with delaying needed medical care (12.0% vs 3.1%, risk difference: 8.9%, 95% CI 3.1% to 14.6%, P = .003).
conclusionsOne in four self-employed workers lack health insurance coverage. Given the rise in self-employment, it is imperative to identify ways to improve health care insurance access for self-employed working-age US adults.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.