ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2021
Longitudinal measurement of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroglial biomarkers in autoimmune encephalitis: advances in diagnosis, prognosis, and pathophysiological insights.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Kappa Free Light Chain for Diagnosis and Neurofilament Light Chain for Prognosis in Autoimmune Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Observational
- Clinical Features and Biomarkers Associated With Intensive Care-Dependent Refractory NMDAR Encephalitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Neuroglial markers of damage in autoimmune neurology.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Review
- CSF Beta-Synuclein, SNAP-25, and Neurogranin in Infectious and Autoimmune Inflammatory Neurologic Diseases.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein Reflects Disease Activity in Autoimmune Encephalitis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic abnormalities, disease severity and immunotherapy responsiveness in individuals with Down syndrome regression disorder.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Emerging Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Predictive Value of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.Neurology · 2023Article
- Neural Surface Antibodies and Neurodegeneration: Clinical Commonalities and Pathophysiological Relationships.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Serum NfL associated with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Advances in Potential Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- COVID-19 in a patient treated with eculizumab for aquaporin-4 neuromyelitis optica.Journal of neurology · 2021Article
- CSF-Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in NMDAR and LGI1 Encephalitis: A National Cohort Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Neurofilament Light Chain Protein in Prion Disease and Other Rapidly Progressive Dementias: Current State of the Art.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeBiomarkers reflecting the course of patients suffering from anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) are urgently needed. Neurofilament light chains (NfL) have been studied as potential markers for neuroaxonal injury mainly in neuroinflammatory diseases, but so far there have been only in a few small reports on anti-NMDARE. We aimed to compare the longitudinal course of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-NfL levels and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) antibodies with clinical parameters in six patients with anti-NMDARE.
methodsLongitudinal measurement of CSF-NfL levels and CSF anti-NMDAR antibodies in six patients suffering from anti-NMDARE was performed.
resultsThe major finding of this study is that most of our patients showed highly elevated NfL, with peak levels considerably delayed to clinical nadir. High NfL levels were associated with hippocampal atrophy but not with tumors detected. Furthermore, we did not find a clear relationship between NfL levels, CSF antibody titer, and CSF inflammatory markers.
conclusionsCSF-NfL levels do not predict short-term outcome but rather are associated with intensive care unit stay and extreme delta brushes. However, high CSF-NFL levels were associated with long-term outcome. Our data suggest early aggressive immunotherapy to avoid primary and secondary neuroaxonal damage.
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