ReviewAnnals of translational medicine2020
Future of immune checkpoint inhibitors: focus on tumor immune microenvironment.
Review in Annals of translational medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of BMI on Survival Outcomes of Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Across the Social Network of the Gut: Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Determinants of Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy and Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Novel PD-L1 Small-Molecule Inhibitors Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Tumor-embedded Immunity and TRM Cell Functions in Cancer.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- The Redox Paradox: Cancer's Double-Edged Sword for Malignancy and Therapy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Targeting tumor immune evasion: the role of PD-L1 siRNA in advancing cancer immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- Exploring research trends in cancer immunotherapy via single-cell technologies: a scientometric perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting acid ceramidase enhances antitumor immune response in colorectal cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy Based on Immune Checkpoint Molecules and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastric Cancer-Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- In-depth cross-validation of human and mouse CD4-specific minibodies for noninvasive PET imaging of CD4Theranostics · 2024Article
- Predictive value of CCL2 in the prognosis and immunotherapy response of glioblastoma multiforme.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Regulatory cells and the effect of cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- A predictive model of immune infiltration and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on cell adhesion-related genes: including molecular biological validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Clinicopathological characteristics, molecular landscape, and biomarker landscape for predicting the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in Chinese population with mismatch repair deficient urothelial carcinoma: a real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Disrupting cancer angiogenesis and immune checkpoint networks for improved tumor immunity.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
- Challenges of the Immunotherapy: Perspectives and Limitations of the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a powerful clinical strategy in cancer treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have opened a new era for cancer immunotherapy. Nowadays, the number of immunotherapy drug approvals has increased, with numerous treatment options in clinical and preclinical development. However, there remain some obstacles to improve the efficacy of ICIs further. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) consists of cancer cell, immune cells and cytokines, et cetera. The dynamics of TIME determine the efficacies of ICIs. Although the ICIs showed manageable toxicity, immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) are still unignorable for clinicians. Since some primary resistance mechanisms exist in TIME, ICIs can only show effects in individual cancer patients. Even for the patients who responded, acquired resistance will occur to neutralize the effect of ICIs. Understanding how to increase the response rates and overcome the resistance to various classes of ICIs is the key to improving clinical efficacy. Besides the novel ICIs in development, there are some approaches to establish combination therapies are underway to improve further the efficacies of ICIs in treating cancer patients. Here, we describe the complicated TIME and state quo of ICIs to prospect the future of ICIs in cancer treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.