ArticleNeurology2020
The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies in the middle-aged and elderly: Focus on
Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02450851 (Clinical and Genetic Evaluation of Patients With Undiagnosed Disorders Through the Undiagnosed Diseases Network), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical and Genetic Evaluation of Patients With Undiagnosed Disorders Through the Undiagnosed Diseases Network
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Pathologic classification of a late-onset peripheral neuropathy in a spontaneous Labrador retriever dog model.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2024Article
- Association of common genetic variants with chronic axonal polyneuropathy in the general population: a genome-wide association study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
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- A patient with demyelinating CMT carrying the p.Y347C heterozygous variant of the MME gene and the p.L131F heterozygous variant of the HARS1 gene.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Article
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- A nonsense mutation in MME gene associates with autosomal recessive late-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2022Article
- RFC1 AAGGG repeat expansion masquerading as Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy.Journal of neurology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
57 authors at 4 institutions in 6 countries.
Jan SenderekFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany. michaela.auer-grumbach@meduniwien.ac.at jan.senderek@med.uni-muenchen.de.
Petra LassuthovaFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Dagmara KabzińskaFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Lisa AbreuFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Jonathan BaetsFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Christian BeetzFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Geir J BraathenFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
David BrennerFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Joline DaltonFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Lois DankwaFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0259-9550
Tine DeconinckFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Peter De JongheFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Bianca DrägerFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Katja EggermannFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Melina EllisFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Carina FischerFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Tanya StojkovicFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
David N HerrmannFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Rita HorvathFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Helle HøyerFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Stephan IglsederFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Marina KennersonFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Katharina KinslechnerFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Jennefer N KohlerFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Ingo KurthFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5642-8378
Nigel G LaingFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Phillipa J LamontFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Löscher Wolfgang NFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Albert LudolphFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Wilson MarquesFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Garth NicholsonFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Royston OngFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Susanne PetriFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Gianina RavenscroftFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Adriana RebeloFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Giulia RicciFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Sabine Rudnik-SchönebornFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Anja SchirmacherFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Beate Schlotter-WeigelFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Ludger SchoelsFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Rebecca SchüleFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Matthis SynofzikFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Bruno FrancouFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Tim M StromFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Johannes WagnerFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
David WalkFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Julia WanschitzFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Daniela WeinmannFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Jochen WeishauptFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Manuela WiessnerFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Reinhard WindhagerFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Peter YoungFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Stephan ZüchnerFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Stefan ToegelFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Pavel SeemanFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Andrzej KochańskiFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
Michaela Auer-GrumbachFrom the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany. michaela.auer-grumbach@meduniwien.ac.at jan.senderek@med.uni-muenchen.de.
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München · DEUniversity of Antwerp · BECentogene (Germany) · DEHarry Perkins Institute of Medical Research · AU
Funding
trainingU54NS065712 · NINDS · WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY · PI SHY, MICHAEL E. · 2009 to 2023
$19.6MStanford Center for Undiagnosed DiseasesU01HG007708 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ASHLEY, EUAN A, BERNSTEIN, JONATHAN ADAM · 2014 to 2018
$8.0MWhat comes next? Engaging stakeholders in governance of participant data and relationships during the sunset of large genomic medicine research initiativesU01HG010218 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ASHLEY, EUAN A, BERNSTEIN, JONATHAN ADAM · 2018 to 2022
$6.3MGenomic Studies in Charcot-Marie-Tooth DiseaseR01NS075764 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI SHY, MICHAEL E., ZUCHNER, STEPHAN · 2012 to 2016
$3.0MAustrian Science Fund FWF I 4699Medical Research Council G1000848Medical Research Council MR/N010035/1Medical Research Council MR/N025431/1Medical Research Council MR/N025431/2Medical Research Council MR/N027302/1NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG007708NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG010218NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS075764NINDS NIH HHS U54 NS065712
Abstract
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that monogenic neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) contribute to frequent but often unexplained neuropathies in the elderly, we performed genetic analysis of 230 patients with unexplained axonal neuropathies and disease onset ≥35 years.
methodsWe recruited patients, collected clinical data, and conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES; n = 126) and
resultsIn the WES cohort, the overall detection rate for assumed disease-causing variants in genes for CMT or other conditions associated with neuropathies was 18.3% (familial cases 26.4%, apparently sporadic cases 12.3%).
conclusionsA detectable fraction of unexplained late-onset axonal neuropathies is genetically determined, by variants in either CMT genes or genes involved in other conditions that affect the peripheral nerves and can mimic a CMT phenotype.
Indexed as
AgingAgedAge of OnsetCharcot-Marie-Tooth DiseaseExome SequencingFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHereditary Sensory and Motor NeuropathyHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeprilysinNeprilysin
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT02450851ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.