ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2021
Seizure-related 6 homolog like 2 autoimmunity: Neurologic syndrome and antibody effects.
Open access · goldAbstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Spectrum of Anti-SEZ6L2 Syndrome: A Case Report With Brain Volumetry and Systematic Literature Review.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Pooled it
- Novel methods for neural IgG characterization and validation in autoimmune neurologic disorders.Journal of immunological methods · 2026Review
- Genetic background shapes SEZ6L2 autoimmunity and reveals coordinated immune responses linked to neurological dysfunction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neuronal antibody targeting metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 in five cases and its pathogenicity.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- SEZ6L2 Loss Disrupts Motor Coordination, Cognitive Function, and Synaptic Connectivity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sez6L2 autoimmunity induces cerebellar ataxia in mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- A Rare Patient of SEZ6L2 Antibody-Associated Cerebellar Ataxia.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2025Article
- Ten Years ofNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis: what the radiologist needs to know.Neuroradiology · 2024Review
- A retrospective study of autoimmune cerebellar ataxia over a 20-year period in a single institution.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Identifying novel potential drug targets for endometriosis via plasma proteome screening.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Review
- Tenascin-R Autoimmunity: Isolated Tremor Reversed with Immunotherapy.Annals of neurology · 2023Article
- Utility of Protein Microarrays for Detection of Classified and Novel Antibodies in Autoimmune Neurologic Disease.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Relevance of Antibody Testing in Movement Disorders.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Article
- Discovery of seven novel putative antigens in membranous nephropathy and membranous lupus nephritis identified by mass spectrometry.Kidney international · 2023Article
- Anti-SEZ6L2 antibodies in paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome: case report and review of the literature.Neurological research and practice · 2022Review
- Autoantibody Encephalitis: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Review
- SEZ6L2 Antibody-Associated Cerebellar Ataxia Responsive to Sequential Immunotherapy.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Neurological Autoimmunity Associated With Homer-3 Antibody: A Case Series From China.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Jon LandaFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.ORCID 0000-0002-7644-7517
Mar GuaspFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Mar Petit-PedrolFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Eugenia Martínez-HernándezFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Jesús PlanagumàFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Albert SaizFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Raquel Ruiz-GarcíaFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.ORCID 0000-0002-8403-3613
Lorena García-FernándezFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Jan VerschuurenFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Rachel Saunders-PullmanFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Liliana Ramirez-GómezFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Michael D GeschwindFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Josep DalmauFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Lidia SabaterFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Francesc GrausFrom the Neuroimmunology Program (J.L., M.G., M.P.-P., E.M.-H., J.P., A.S., J.D., L.S., F.G.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Service of Neurology (M.G., E.M.-H., A.S., J.D.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (M.G., J.D., L.S.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Immunology Department (R.R.-G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Neurology Department (L.G.-F.), Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, Spain; Leiden University Medical Center (J.V.), Leiden, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine (R.S.-P.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York; Massachussetts General Hospital (L.R.-G.), Department of Neurology, Boston; UCSF Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center (M.D.G.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain; and Dr. Petit-Pedrol is now with Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. francesc.graus@idibaps.org.ORCID 0000-0002-8924-8322
Boston University · US
Funding
Predicting progression of human prion diseaseR01AG031189 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GESCHWIND, MICHAEL D · 2008 to 2017
$5.7MTracking longitudinal change in presymptomatic genetic prion disease (TLC-Pre-gPrD)R01AG062562 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GESCHWIND, MICHAEL D · 2019 to 2023
$5.4MTLC-Pre-gPrD: Tracking Longitudinal Change in Presymptomatic genetic Prion DiseaseR56AG055619 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GESCHWIND, MICHAEL D · 2018 to 2018
$800kNIA NIH HHS R01 AG031189NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062562NIA NIH HHS R56 AG055619
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the clinical syndrome of 4 new patients with seizure-related 6 homolog like 2 antibodies (SEZ6L2-abs), study the antibody characteristics, and evaluate their effects on neuronal cultures.
methodsSEZ6L2-abs were initially identified in serum and CSF of a patient with cerebellar ataxia by immunohistochemistry on rat brain sections and immunoprecipitation from rat cerebellar neurons. We used a cell-based assay (CBA) of HEK293 cells transfected with
resultsIn addition to the index patient, SEZ6L2-abs were identified by CBA in 3/95 patients with unclassified neuropil antibodies but in none of the 341 controls. The median age of the 4 patients was 62 years (range: 54-69 years), and 2 were female. Patients presented with subacute gait ataxia, dysarthria, and mild extrapyramidal symptoms. Initial brain MRI was normal, and CSF pleocytosis was found in only 1 patient. None improved with immunotherapy. SEZ6L2-abs recognized conformational epitopes. IgG4 SEZ6L2-abs were found in all 4 patients, and it was the predominant subclass in 2. SEZ6L2-abs did not alter the number of total or synaptic SEZ6L2 or the AMPA glutamate receptor 1 (GluA1) clusters on the surface of hippocampal neurons.
conclusionsSEZ6L2-abs associate with a subacute cerebellar syndrome with frequent extrapyramidal symptoms. The potential pathogenic effect of the antibodies is not mediated by internalization of the antigen.
Indexed as
AgedAnimalsAutoantibodiesAutoimmunityCerebellar AtaxiaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRatsanti-sez6l2 autoantibodyAutoantibodies
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