SynthesisSystematic reviews2020
Open defecation-free slippage and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Systematic reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Household-level sanitation in Ethiopia and its influencing factors: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of access to water supply and sanitation on the prevalence of active trachoma in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- The Impact of Pro-Poor Sanitation Subsidies in Open Defecation-Free Communities: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Rural Ghana.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Trial
- Community-based interventions addressing open defecation in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.Global health action · 2026Article
- Long-term usage, condition, and cultural acceptability of the BALatrine project: findings from a subsidised sanitation improvement intervention in rural Central Java, Indonesia.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Assessment of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) of living surroundings and school environment among adolescent high school students in Northwest Ethiopia: mixed method study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- What Makes Household Sanitation Systems Resilient to Floods? Evidence from Ethiopia, Uganda, and Nepal.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Hygiene and sanitation-related socio-ecological contexts and constraints of communities in districts with persistent trachoma, Southern Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Open defecation free status and its determinants in rural Uganda: a cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Everyone Intervention Study: Protocol for a Controlled Before-and-After Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis prevalence and associated factors among school children in the Hawela Tula sub-city, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Household ownership of latrines does not ensure use: a scoping review.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessing fecal contamination from human and environmental sources usingmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Mapping and predicting open defecation in Ethiopia: 2021 PMA-ET study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Promotion of market-based sanitation in Ethiopia: a case study from Wolaita zone.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- Determinants of Open Defecation Among Rural Women in Ghana: Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys.Environmental health insights · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Open Defecation Practice and Associated Factors Among Households in Geshiyaro Project Implementation Sites in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Environmental health insights · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecent studies have shown an increase in open defecation and slippage of open defecation-free certified villages in Ethiopia, despite significant progress the country made on sanitation programs. Hence, realizing of existing facts, this study was conducted aiming at a critical review of available literature and to provide consolidated data showing the level of slippage and its associated factors in Ethiopia.
methodsSystematic literature searches were performed from four international databases. The search involved articles published from December 1, 2013, up to June 4, 2019. The Cochran's Q and I
resultAfter screening 1382 studies, 12 studies were finally included in this systematic review. The estimated pooled rate of open defecation-free slippage in Ethiopia was 15.9% (95% CI 12.9-19.4%). The main contributing factors for open defecation-free slippage were lack of technical support, financial constraints, low-quality building materials, improper program implementation, and lack of sanitation marketing.
conclusionIt was estimated that 1 out of 6 Ethiopian households engaged in open defecation after they have certified open defecation-free status, implying the low possibility of achieving sustainable development goals of 2030, which aims to ensure sanitation for all. Therefore, the government of Ethiopia and donors should better give special attention to the following options: (1) awareness for open defecation-free slippage, (2) launch a post-open defecation-free program, and (3) encourage research on pro-poor sustainable sanitation technologies.
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