ArticleBiomolecules2020
Plasma Levels of a Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 Are the Most Sensitive Biomarkers of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Tuberculosis Coinfection.
Article in Biomolecules, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Value of Galectin-9, Soluble TREM-1, and Soluble CD25 Among Critically Ill Patients with Organ Failure in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Observational Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cell-autonomous targeting of arabinogalactan by host immune factors inhibits mycobacterial growth.eLife · 2024Article
- Association of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity with Persistent Immune Activation in HIV/Tuberculosis Co-Infected Patients.Reports (MDPI) · 2024Article
- Article
- Plasma galectin-9 levels correlate with blood monocyte turnover and predict simian/human immunodeficiency virus disease progression.Translational medicine communications · 2024Article
- Antiretroviral Treatment-Induced Galectin-9 Might Impact HIV Viremia in Addition to Contributing to Inflammaging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Plasma N-Cleaved Galectin-9 Is a Surrogate Marker for Determining the Severity of COVID-19 and Monitoring the Therapeutic Effects of Tocilizumab.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Both N- and C-terminal domains of galectin-9 are capable of inducing HIV reactivation despite mediating differential immunomodulatory functionalities.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Receptors and Ligands as Prognostic Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Both Full-Length and Protease-Cleaved Products of Osteopontin Are Elevated in Infectious Diseases.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- High Levels of the Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 and Osteopontin in the Plasma Are Associated with Inflammatory Markers That Reflect the Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Blood Levels of Galectin-9, an Immuno-Regulating Molecule, Reflect the Severity for the Acute and Chronic Infectious Diseases.Biomolecules · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with tuberculosis (TB) is a global public issue. Due to the paucity of bacteria in AIDS/TB, blood-based biomarkers that reflect disease severity are desired. Plasma levels of matricellular proteins, such as osteopontin (OPN) and galectin-9 (Gal-9), are known to be elevated in AIDS and TB. Therefore, full-length (FL)-Gal9 and FL-OPN, and their truncated forms (Tr-Gal9, Ud-OPN), and 38 cytokines/chemokines were measured in the plasma of 24 AIDS (other than TB), 49 TB, and 33 AIDS/TB patients. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to screen molecules that could distinguish either between disease and normal group, among each disease group, or between deceased patients and survivors. Selected molecules were further analyzed for significant differences. Tr-Gal9 had the highest ability to differentiate TB from AIDS or AIDS/TB, while Ud-OPN distinguished multidrug resistance (MDR)-TB from non-MDR TB, and extra-pulmonary TB from pulmonary TB. Molecules significantly elevated in deceased patients included; FL-Gal9, Tr-Gal9, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-17A and transforming growth factor-α in AIDS; IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in TB; and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β in AIDS/TB. From the sensitivity, specificity, and significant elevation, Tr-Gal9 is the best biomarker of inflammation and severity in AIDS and AIDS/TB.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.