ReviewNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2020
In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Evaluating the Oral Toxicity of Nanomedicines.
Review in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Anticancer Effects of Fluphenazine Alone and in Combination with Cisplatin in Gastric Cancer Cells and a Mouse Xenograft Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Carbon Dots in Nanomedicine: Advanced Fabrication, Biomedical Applications, and Future Clinical Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Nanobiotic-Enhanced Probiotics for Targeted Gut Delivery: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Applications, and Translational Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Beyond the glitter: gold nanoparticles as powerful weapons against multi-drug resistant pathogens.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Advancements in the Synthesis and Functionalization of Zinc Oxide-Based Nanomaterials for Enhanced Oral Cancer Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Postbiotic Activities ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Challenges to Safe Nanomedicine Treatment.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Analysis of Nanomaterials on Biological and Environmental Systems and New Analytical Methods for Improved Detection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- A Review on Conventional and Advanced Methods for Nanotoxicology Evaluation of Engineered Nanomaterials.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Advances in Nanotoxicology: Towards Enhanced Environmental and Physiological Relevance and Molecular Mechanisms.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxicity studies for conventional oral drug formulations are standardized and well documented, as required by the guidelines of administrative agencies such as the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) or European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA), and the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). Researchers tend to extrapolate these standardized protocols to evaluate nanoformulations (NFs) because standard nanotoxicity protocols are still lacking in nonclinical studies for testing orally delivered NFs. However, such strategies have generated many inconsistent results because they do not account for the specific physicochemical properties of nanomedicines. Due to their tiny size, accumulated surface charge and tension, sizeable surface-area-to-volume ratio, and high chemical/structural complexity, orally delivered NFs may generate severe topical toxicities to the gastrointestinal tract and metabolic organs, including the liver and kidney. Such toxicities involve immune responses that reflect different mechanisms than those triggered by conventional formulations. Herein, we briefly analyze the potential oral toxicity mechanisms of NFs and describe recently reported in vitro and in vivo models that attempt to address the specific oral toxicity of nanomedicines. We also discuss approaches that may be used to develop nontoxic NFs for oral drug delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.