ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Purposeful Heading in Youth Soccer: A Review.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Head Impacts and Acceleration Associated with Soccer.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Heading in Football: Incidence, Biomechanical Characteristics and the Association with Acute Cognitive Function-A Three-Part Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Assessment of the brain impact of soccer heading using pupillary light reflex.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Potential Effects of Soccer Ball Characteristics on Ball-to-Head Contact: A Systematic Review.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Review
- Laboratory assessment of a head impact sensor for youth soccer ball heading impacts using an anthropomorphic test device.Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part P, Journal of sports engineering and technology · 2024Article
- Determinants of Intention to Disclose Musculoskeletal Injury in Adolescent Athletes.Journal of athletic training · 2024Article
- Where are We Headed? Evidence to Inform Future Football Heading Guidelines.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Soccer's AI transformation: deep learning's analysis of soccer's pandemic research evolution.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Age of first exposure to soccer heading: Associations with cognitive, clinical, and imaging outcomes in the Einstein Soccer Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Heading in the right direction.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent public concern over the short- and long-term effects of repetitive head impacts (RHI) associated with purposeful heading in soccer has led researchers to study a multitude of variables related to this important aspect of the game. Of particular interests are the effects of soccer heading in the youth population (≤ 13 years old) whose brains are undergoing rapid development. We conducted a review on youth soccer heading that includes purposeful heading frequency, head impact biomechanics, head injuries, clinical outcomes, and modifying factors. We have concluded that youth soccer players head the ball at a low frequency that typically increases with age and with a finding that boys head the ball more often than girls do. Interestingly, although girls head the ball less frequently than boys do, they tend to sustain higher head impact magnitudes. Head injuries are more likely to occur in girls versus boys and during games because of contact with another player. Clinical outcome measures of concussion are often utilized to study the effects of soccer heading, in both field and laboratory environments. Immediately following soccer heading, youth often report having a headache and demonstrate some deficits in balance measures. Modifying factors that may benefit soccer players participating in purposeful heading activities include stronger neck musculature, wearing headgear, and the use of mouthguards. Research involving youth soccer players needs to be expanded and funded appropriately to better understand the consequences of RHI in both the short and long term.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.