ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2021
Availability of buprenorphine/naloxone films and naloxone nasal spray in community pharmacies in Texas, USA.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pharmacy-level barriers to opioid overdose prevention: availability and accessibility of naloxone and buprenorphine-naloxone in high-risk Texas counties.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Over-the-Counter Naloxone and Nonprescription Syringe Availability in Community Pharmacies.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Over-the-counter naloxone availability at North Carolina community pharmacies: A secret shopper study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Price Sensitivity and Information Barriers to the Take-Up of Naloxone.American economic journal. Economic policy · 2024Article
- Association of economic and racial segregation with restricted buprenorphine dispensing in U.S. community pharmacies.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Naloxone Availability and Cost After Transition to an Over-the-Counter Product.JAMA health forum · 2024Article
- Retrospective study investigating naloxone prescribing and cost in US Medicaid and Medicare patients.BMJ open · 2024Observational
- Assessing suboxone access in community pharmacies: Secret shopper model.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023Article
- Opioid use disorder treatment and the role of New Jersey Medicaid policy changes: perspectives of office-based buprenorphine providers.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2023Article
- Factors in rural community buprenorphine dispensing.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023Article
- Multidimensional assessment of access to medications for opioid use disorder across urban and rural communities: A scoping review.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Description and Evaluation of a Pilot Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in Addiction Medicine.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2023Article
- Availability of medications for opioid use disorder in outpatient and inpatient pharmacies in South Florida: a secret shopper survey.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Article
- Buprenorphine and naloxone access in pharmacies within high overdose areas of Los Angeles during the COVID-19 pandemic.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- A content review of buprenorphine training programs for pharmacists.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2022Article
- If we build it, will they come? Perspectives on pharmacy-based naloxone among family and friends of people who use opioids: a mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Trends in pharmacy-based dispensing of buprenorphine, extended-release naltrexone, and naloxone during the COVID-19 pandemic by age and sex - United States, March 2019 - December 2020.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Limited access to pharmacy-based naloxone in West Virginia: Results from a statewide purchase trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Potential barriers to filling buprenorphine and naltrexone prescriptions among a retrospective cohort of individuals with opioid use disorder.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Article
- Study protocol for the Respond to Prevent Study: a multi-state randomized controlled trial to improve provision of naloxone, buprenorphine and nonprescription syringes in community pharmacies.Substance abuse · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsPatients with opioid use disorder (OUD) must be able to obtain prescribed buprenorphine/naloxone films (BUP/NX) and naloxone nasal spray (NNS) from a pharmacy promptly to reduce risk for a recurrence of use and subsequent morbidity and mortality. Telephone audits have identified concerning gaps in availability of NNS within US pharmacies, but the availability of BUP/NX has not been rigorously evaluated. This study estimated the availability of BUP/NX and NNS in the US state of Texas and compared availability by pharmacy type and metropolitan status.
designA cross-sectional telephone audit with a secret shopper approach conducted from 18 May 2020 to 7 June 2020. Setting and Participants A random sample of 800 of 5078 (16%) community pharmacies licensed with the Texas State Board of Pharmacy. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes included availability of a 1-week supply of generic BUP/NX 8/2 mg films and a single unit of NNS 4 mg, overall and by pharmacy type. Secondary outcomes included willingness and estimated time-frame to order BUP/NX if unavailable.
findingsData from 704 pharmacies (471 chain, 233 independent) were included for analyses. Of these, 34.1% of pharmacies (45.0% of chains versus 12.0% of independents, P < 0.0001) were willing and able to dispense a 1-week supply of generic BUP/NX and a single unit of NNS. BUP/NX alone was available in 42.2% of pharmacies (52.4% of chains versus 21.5% of independents, P < 0.0001). NNS alone was available in 60.1% of pharmacies (77.9% of chains versus 24.0% of independents, P < 0.0001). Of the 397 pharmacies with generic BUP/NX unavailable, 62.2% of pharmacies (73.9% of chains versus 48.0% of independents, P < 0.0001) indicated willingness to order.
conclusionsMost pharmacies in Texas do not appear to be willing and able to dispense prescribed buprenorphine/naloxone films and naloxone nasal spray to patients with opioid use disorder in a timely manner. Deficiencies in availability are markedly more pronounced in independent pharmacies compared with chain pharmacies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.