ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2021
Breast ductal Carcinoma in situ associated with microinvasion induces immunological response and predicts ipsilateral invasive recurrence.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expression of HLA class I is associated with immune cell infiltration and patient outcome in breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Subtype-Specific Tumour Immune Microenvironment in Risk of Recurrence of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Prognostic Value of HER2.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and DCIS with microinvasion (DCIS-Mi) of the breast.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Harnessing the Immunogenic Potential of Gold Nanoparticle-Based Platforms as a Therapeutic Strategy in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: A Mini Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although microinvasion (Mi) is often thought to be an interim stage between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and established invasive ductal carcinoma, survival outcomes and biological behaviour of DCIS-Mi are still poorly understood. This study investigated the potential influence of Mi on disease-free survival (DFS) and assessed its correlations with clinicopathological parameters, prognosis, molecular, and immune markers. CD4, CD8, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), CD68, CD163, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and its ligand (PD-L1) expression in pure DCIS and DCIS-Mi, from a cohort of 198 patients, were determined by immunohistochemistry. DFS, clinicopathological parameters, immune markers, and biomarker expression were correlated with presence of Mi. Twelve out of 198 DCIS cases were associated with Mi. DCIS-Mi was significantly linked with ipsilateral invasive recurrence (p = 0.032). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that DCIS-Mi had worse DFS for ipsilateral invasive recurrence (p = 0.011) and this was affirmed by multivariate Cox regression analysis (95% CI 1.181-9.010, HR = 3.262, p = 0.023). DCIS-Mi was associated with higher densities of immune infiltrates positive for CD4 (p = 0.037), FOXP3 (p = 0.037), CD163 (p = 0.01), and PD-L1 (p = 0.015). This study demonstrated that DCIS-Mi was correlated with high densities of immune infiltrates and predicted ipsilateral invasive recurrence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.