ReviewSouthern medical journal2020
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pulmonary Toxicity: Focus on Nivolumab.
Review in Southern medical journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic research in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: a bibliometric analysis of research evolution, diagnostic focuses, and future priorities.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis based on real-world data.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Efficacy, Survival, and Adverse Reaction Evaluation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of the combination of copanlisib and nivolumab in patients with Richter's transformation or transformed non-Hodgkin lymphoma: results from a phase I trial.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer: a cohort study with transcriptomic analysis of inflammatory mechanisms.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Case Report: A case of reversible pulmonary bullae induced by camrelizumab: a new immune-related adverse event.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Advances in precision oncology using patient-derived organoids and functional biomaterials.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Development and validation of a nomogram for differentiating immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis from pneumonia in patients undergoing immunochemotherapy: a multicenter, real-world, retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Prognostic relevance of immune-related adverse events in lung cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- A murine model to evaluate immunotherapy effectiveness for human Fanconi anemia-mutated acute myeloid leukemia.PloS one · 2024Article
- Lung erosion following adjuvant immunotherapy with pembrolizumab: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Opportunistic Infections and Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Administering Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Evaluation of lung adverse events with nivolumab using the spontaneous reporting system in Japan.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib in advanced endometrial cancer: case report and systematic review of lung toxicity.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Progress in the clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Eosinophilic Asthma Secondary to Adjuvant Anti-PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in a Melanoma Patient.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2022Article
- Observational
- Article
- Anti-VEGF Antibody Protects against Alveolar Exudate Leakage Caused by Vascular Hyperpermeability, Resulting in Mitigation of Pneumonitis Induced by Immunotherapy.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of checkpoint inhibitors has changed the treatment paradigm for cancer. Checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and cemiplimab target programmed death-1 (PD-1), whereas durvalumab, avelumab, and atezolizumab target PD-ligand 1. Ipilimumab targets cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4. Used as monotherapy or in combination, these inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy in melanoma, lung cancer, urothelial cancer, and many other solid tumors, and indications are continuing to evolve. Checkpoint inhibitors are well tolerated when compared with traditional chemotherapy. The major adverse effect profiles are idiosyncratic immune-mediated toxicities resulting from the abnormal activation of autoreactive T cells, which can lead to inflammation in any organ system. The most commonly affected organs are bowel, lung, skin, and endocrine. Pulmonary toxicity is important to recognize, and it can be more challenging to diagnose in lung cancer patients, given the nature of the disease course and treatment. This review article focuses on all of the pulmonary adverse effects of a single PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) that have been described in the literature. These complications include dyspnea, pneumonitis, pleural effusion, pulmonary sarcoidosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, eosinophilic pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and lung cavitation. Clinicians must be aware of these toxicities and mindful when prescribing these medications in patients with known lung dysfunction due to chronic lung diseases or lung cancer.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.