ArticleScientific reports2020
Toxoplasma gondii and multiple sclerosis: a population-based case-control study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients with psychiatric and neurologic disorders in Türkiye: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Infectious Agents in Multiple Sclerosis: Viral Triggers, Antibody-Mediated Autoimmunity, and Parasitic Immunomodulation.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The Potential Role of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Multiple Sclerosis Development: A Seroepidemiological Study in North Khorasan Province, Iran.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
- Impact of Experimental Congenital Toxoplasmosis on the Thyroid Gland: Histopathological and Immunobiochemical Indices Assessment.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
- Latent microbial infections leading to myelin and axonal damage in multiple sclerosis: A narrative review.Current journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Contribution of CNS and extra-CNS infections to neurodegeneration: a narrative review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in patients with multiple sclerosis in Poland.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Exploring the potential of Toxoplasma gondii in drug development and as a delivery system.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Risk Factors from Pregnancy to Adulthood in Multiple Sclerosis Outcome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Comprehensive Overview ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Seroepidemiology of Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Northeastern Iran.Iranian journal of parasitologyArticle
- Associations betweenIranian journal of parasitologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
According to the hygiene hypothesis, parasites could have a protective role in the development of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Our aim was to assess the association between presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and MS. MS patients were randomly selected from a population-based incident cohort of MS patients in the city of Catania. Age and sex-matched controls were randomly selected from the general population. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were recorded with a structured questionnaire and a blood sample was taken for serological analysis. Specific T. gondii IgG have been detected with a commercial kit. Adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. 129 MS subjects (66.7% women with a mean age 44.7 ± 11.0 years) and 287 controls (67.3% women with a mean age 48.1 ± 15.6 years) have been enrolled in the study. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 38 cases (29.5%) and 130 controls (45.4%) giving an adjusted OR of 0.56 (95%CI 0.34-0.93). History of mononucleosis and high educational level were significantly associated with MS (adjOR 2.22 and 1.70 respectively) while an inverse association was found between high educational level and T. gondii seropositivity (adjOR 0.42). Our results further support the protective role of parasitic infections in MS.
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