ArticleMalaria journal2020
Genetic variations in histidine-rich protein 2 and histidine-rich protein 3 of Myanmar Plasmodium falciparum isolates.
Article in Malaria journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the Abbott-Bioline™ malaria antigen Pf/Pv rapid diagnostic test.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Analysis of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions, and the structure and variability of PfHRP2 and PfHRP3 proteins: implications for the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Cubal, Angola.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Cryptic absence and genetic variation of Plasmodium falciparum PfHRP2 and PfHRP3 from isolates in Papua, Indonesia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Contrasting sequence polymorphism and structural basis patterns ofJournal of biosciences · 2025Article
- High Frequency of Deletions in theTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Molecular markers of artemisinin resistance during falciparum malaria elimination in Eastern Myanmar.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Deletion patterns, genetic variability and protein structure of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3: implications for malaria rapid diagnostic test in Amhara region, Ethiopia.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Factors Affecting the Performance of HRP2-Based Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Review
- Genetic deletions and high diversity ofFrontiers in epidemiology · 2022Article
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8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMalaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are precious tools to diagnose malaria. Most RDTs used currently are based on the detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) in a patient's blood. However, concern has been raised in recent years that deletion of pfhrp2 in the parasite could affect the accuracy of PfHRP2-based RDTs. In addition, genetic variation in pfhrp2 might influence the accuracy and sensitivity of RDTs. In this study, the genetic variation in pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 in Myanmar P. falciparum isolates was analysed.
methodsBlood samples were collected from malaria patients who were infected with P. falciparum in Mandalay, Naung Cho, Tha Beik Kyin, and Pyin Oo Lwin, Upper Myanmar between 2013 and 2015. The pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned and sequenced. Genetic variation in Myanmar pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 was analysed using the DNASTAR program. Comparative analysis of Myanmar and global pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 isolates was also performed.
resultsOne-hundred and two pfhrp2 and 89 pfhrp3 were amplified from 105 blood samples, of which 84 pfhrp2 and 56 pfhrp3 sequences were obtained successfully. Myanmar pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 showed high levels of genetic variation with different arrangements of distinct repeat types, which further classified Myanmar pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 into 76 and 47 haplotypes, respectively. Novel amino acid changes were also found in Myanmar pfhrp2 and pfhrp3, but their frequencies were very low. Similar structural organization was shared by Myanmar and global pfhrp2 and pfhrp3, and differences in frequencies of repeat types and lengths were also observed between and among global isolates.
conclusionLength polymorphisms and amino acid substitutions generated extensive genetic variation in Myanmar pfhrp2 and pfhrp3. Comparative analysis revealed that global pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 share similar structural features, as well as extensive length polymorphisms and distinct organizations of repeat types. These results provide a better understanding of the genetic structure of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 in global P. falciparum populations and suggest useful information to develop RDTs with improved quality.
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