ArticleBMC neurology2020
Heterogeneity of Baló's concentric sclerosis: a study of eight cases with different therapeutic concepts.
Article in BMC neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case Report: Beyond the monophasic myth: relapsing Baló's concentric sclerosis with residual disability.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Balo Concentric Sclerosis: A Rare Variant of Multiple Sclerosis With Excellent Response to Early Steroid Treatment.Cureus · 2025Article
- Fingolimod-associated Balo's concentric sclerosis in multiple sclerosis: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Current and Future Developments in Imaging and Treatment of White Matter Disease: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Phenotyping variants of tumefactive demyelinating lesions according to clinical and radiological features-A case series.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Case Report: Baló's Concentric Sclerosis-Like Lesion in a Patient With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Dimethyl Fumarate.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Immunopathology of Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions-From Idiopathic to Drug-Related Cases.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Clinico-radiologic features and therapeutic strategies in tumefactive demyelination: a retrospective analysis of 50 consecutive cases.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2021Article
- Baló Concentric Sclerosis Mimicking Encephalitis with Seizures and Progressive Aphasia in a 26-Year-Old Woman: A Challenging Diagnostic Dilemma.Case reports in neurologyArticle
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBaló's Concentric Sclerosis (BCS) is a rare heterogeneous demyelinating disease with a variety of phenotypes on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Existing literature lacks data especially on the therapeutic approach of the disease which we intended to elucidate by means of suggesting a new possible BCS classification and introducing different therapeutic concepts based on each BCS-subgroup characteristics.
methodsWe present a retrospective study of eight treated patients with BCS-type lesions, emphasizing on MRI characteristics and differences on therapeutic maneuvers.
resultsData analysis showed: at disease onset the BCS-type lesion was tumefactive (size ≥2 cm) in 6 patients, with a mean size of 2.7 cm (± 0.80 SD); a coexistence of MS-like plaques on brain MRI was identified in 7 patients of our cohort. The mean age was 26.3 years (±7.3 SD) at disease onset and the mean follow-up period was 56.8 months (range 9-132 months). According to radiological characteristics and response to therapies, we further categorized them into 3 subgroups: a) Group-1; BCS with or without coexisting nonspecific white matter lesions; poor response to intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP); treated with high doses of immunosuppressive agents (4 patients), b) Group-2; BCS with typical MS lesions; good response to IVMP; treated with MS-disease modifying therapies (2 patients), c) Group-3; BCS with typical MS lesions; poor response to IVMP; treated with rituximab (2 patients).
conclusionsOur study introduces a new insight regarding the categorization of BCS into three subgroups depending on radiological features at onset and during the course of the disease, in combination with the response to different immunotherapies. Immunosuppressive agents such as cyclophosphamide are usually effective in BCS. However, therapeutic alternatives like anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies or more classical disease-modifying MS therapies can be considered when BCS has also mixed lesions similar to MS. Future studies with a larger sample size are necessary to further establish these findings, thus leading to better treatment algorithms and improved clinical outcomes.
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