Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33138708›Full record

Trial reportPsychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)2021

Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacotherapeutic Smoking Cessation Aids in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Subgroup Analysis of EAGLES.

A Eden Evins, Robert West, Neal L Benowitz, Cristina Russ, David Lawrence, Thomas McRae, Melissa Culhane Maravic, Jaimee L Heffner, Robert M Anthenelli

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Pooled it
  3. A Novel Therapeutic Mechanism for Nicotine Craving in Schizophrenia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Antidepressants for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

A Eden EvinsDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Evins, Maravic); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Evins); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London (West); Departments of Medicine, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (Benowitz); Pfizer, New York (Russ, Lawrence, McRae); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (Heffner); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Anthenelli).
Robert WestDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Evins, Maravic); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Evins); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London (West); Departments of Medicine, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (Benowitz); Pfizer, New York (Russ, Lawrence, McRae); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (Heffner); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Anthenelli).
Neal L BenowitzDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Evins, Maravic); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Evins); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London (West); Departments of Medicine, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (Benowitz); Pfizer, New York (Russ, Lawrence, McRae); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (Heffner); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Anthenelli).
Cristina RussDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Evins, Maravic); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Evins); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London (West); Departments of Medicine, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (Benowitz); Pfizer, New York (Russ, Lawrence, McRae); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (Heffner); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Anthenelli).
David LawrenceDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Evins, Maravic); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Evins); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London (West); Departments of Medicine, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (Benowitz); Pfizer, New York (Russ, Lawrence, McRae); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (Heffner); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Anthenelli).
Thomas McRaeDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Evins, Maravic); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Evins); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London (West); Departments of Medicine, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (Benowitz); Pfizer, New York (Russ, Lawrence, McRae); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (Heffner); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Anthenelli).
Melissa Culhane MaravicDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Evins, Maravic); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Evins); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London (West); Departments of Medicine, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (Benowitz); Pfizer, New York (Russ, Lawrence, McRae); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (Heffner); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Anthenelli).
Jaimee L HeffnerDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Evins, Maravic); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Evins); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London (West); Departments of Medicine, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (Benowitz); Pfizer, New York (Russ, Lawrence, McRae); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (Heffner); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Anthenelli).
Robert M AnthenelliDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Evins, Maravic); Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Evins); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London (West); Departments of Medicine, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Psychiatry, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco (Benowitz); Pfizer, New York (Russ, Lawrence, McRae); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (Heffner); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Anthenelli).
Harvard University · US

Funding

Subject CollectionU10AA008401 · NIAAA · SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER · PI JAY Arnold TISCHFIELD · 1989 to 2026
$162.7M
Preclinical studies for the development of selective mGlu2 positive allosteric modulators to treat substance use disordersU01DA041731 · NIDA · SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE · PI COSFORD, NICHOLAS DAVID · 2017 to 2019
$10.8M
Mentoring in Addiction Treatment ResearchK24DA030443 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI EVINS, A EDEN · 2010 to 2020
$2.0M
Wearable Biosensors for Real-time Blood Alcohol MonitoringR44AA024643 · NIAAA · BIOLINQ INCORPORATED · PI ANTHENELLI, ROBERT M, WANG, JOSEPH · 2015 to 2017
$1.2M
Exploring Potential Sex Differences In Neurobiological Mechanisms of Alcohol Sensitivity and ToleranceR21AA027634 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANTHENELLI, ROBERT M · 2020 to 2021
$407k
NIAAA NIH HHS R21 AA027634NIAAA NIH HHS R44 AA024643NIAAA NIH HHS U10 AA008401NIDA NIH HHS K24 DA030443NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA041731
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) among smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in post hoc analyses of Evaluating Adverse Events in a Global Smoking Cessation Study data.

methodsSmokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (N=390) and without a psychiatric illness (control group, N=4,028) were randomly assigned to receive varenicline, bupropion, NRT patch, or placebo for 12 weeks. Outcomes included abstinence rates during treatment and follow-up, number needed to treat (NNT) for abstinence, incidence of neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPSAEs), and temporal relationship between NPSAEs and abstinence status.

resultsSmokers with schizophrenia smoked more and had greater dependence and fewer prior trials of cessation pharmacotherapy at baseline. At each time point, smokers with schizophrenia assigned to varenicline had significantly greater odds of abstinence compared with their matched placebo group, with NNT comparable to the control group. Bupropion and NRT increased odds of abstinence; confidence intervals (CIs) included 1 for some comparisons, and NNT for smokers with schizophrenia was greater than for the control group. No treatment was associated with significantly more NPSAEs, compared with placebo, in either cohort. The estimated NPSAE rate was 5% (95% CI=3.0-7.7) for smokers with schizophrenia and 1% (95% CI=0.6-2.1) for the control group. Over one-third of NPSAEs occurred during partial or full abstinence, suggesting a multifactorial nature.

conclusionsFor smokers with schizophrenia, varenicline led to significantly higher abstinence rates, and NNT was comparable to the control group. A significant proportion of NPSAEs occurred during early abstinence. No treatment significantly increased NPSAE prevalence.

Indexed as

SchizophreniaSmoking CessationBupropionHumansNicotinic AgonistsTobacco Use Cessation DevicesVareniclineBupropionNicotinic AgonistsVareniclineSchizophreniaSmoking

Identifiers

PMID33138708
PMCPMC10228639
OpenAlexW3095704143

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.