ReviewTissue engineering. Part B, Reviews2021
Regenerative Approaches for the Treatment of Large Bone Defects.
Review in Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of Amniotic Membrane and Its Derived Products for Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Pooled it
- Dual-gene regulation of NGF overexpression and P75NTR knockdown enhances BMSC osteogenesis by suppressing pyroptosis.iScience · 2026Article
- Apt19s-functionalized 3D-printed PCL/58S bioactive glass scaffoldsRSC advances · 2026Article
- Advancements in pediatric tissue engineering: scaffold-based and cell-driven approaches.Cell and tissue banking · 2026Review
- Use of Nonvascularized Structural Bone Allografts for Reconstruction of Massive Post-Traumatic Segmental Femoral Bone Defects: A Retrospective Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Synchronizing degradation with regeneration: a model-driven framework for designing biodegradable biomaterials in bone tissue engineering.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Review
- Comparative mechanical characterisation of 13-93 bioactive glass and hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- NIR-responsive smart hydrogel incorporating LF-decorated nanosheets recalibrating the immune-vascular-osteogenic microenvironment for enhanced bone regeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Recent progress in immunomodulation-based strategies for bone repair.Regenerative therapy · 2026Review
- An Experimental Study on 3D-Printed Gyroid-Shaped TC4 Porous Scaffolds Guiding Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis in Bone Defect Areas.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Lymphatic incorporated biomimetic scaffold enhances Osteoangio-lymphogenic coupling via HIF-1α mediated mitochondrial reprogramming for osteoporotic bone repair.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Janus Membranes as Multifunctional Nanostructures for Bone Defect Repair: Advances, Challenges, and Clinical Translation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Biodegradable materials: Applications and advances of magnesium alloys in bone defects.World journal of orthopedics · 2025Article
- Sympathetic nerve inhibition enhances calvarial bone repair via senescent macrophage-induced osteogenesis and angiogenesis.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Management Strategies for Failed Pilon Fractures: A Personalized Approach to Revision Reconstruction.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Engineering injectable bone/bioadhesive grafts delivery system with self-healing properties for bone regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Exosome-functionalized collagen-coated 3D-printed PCL scaffold for enhanced osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration: an in vitro and in vivo study.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- Osteogenic Differentiation in Chitosan-Based Scaffolds via P28 and VEGF Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Human Bone-Derived Endothelial Cells Mediate Bone Regeneration via Distinct Expression of KIT Ligand.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Enhancing bone regeneration using kaempferol as an osteoprotective compound: signaling mechanisms, delivery strategies, and potential applications.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A variety of engineered materials have gained acceptance in orthopedic practice as substitutes for autologous bone grafts, although the regenerative efficacy of these engineered grafts is still limited compared with that of transplanted native tissues. For bone defects greater than 4-5 cm, however, common bone grafting procedures are insufficient and more complicated surgical interventions are required to repair and regenerate the damaged or missing bone. In this review, we describe current grafting materials and surgical techniques for the reconstruction of large bone defects, followed by tissue engineering (TE) efforts to develop improved therapies. Particular emphasis is placed on graft vascularization, because for both autologous bone and engineered alternatives, achieving adequate vascular development within the regenerating bone tissues remains a significant challenge in the context of large bone defects. To this end, TE and surgical strategies to induce development of a vasculature within bone grafts are discussed. Impact statement This review aims to present an accessible and thorough overview of current orthopedic surgical techniques as well as bone tissue engineering and vascularization strategies that might one day offer improvements to clinical therapies for the repair of large bone defects. We consider the lessons that clinical orthopedic reconstructive practices can contribute to the push toward engineered bone.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.