ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Socio-Economic Factors Related to Drinking Water Source and Sanitation in Malaysia.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Health Inequalities Between Afro-descendants and Non-Afro-descendants in Peru: Evidence from the Demographic and Family Health Survey.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Pre- and during -COVID-19 pandemic mortality trends and drivers in rural, coastal Kenya: findings from the Kaloleni-Rabai Health and Demographic Surveillance System.Population health metrics · 2025Review
- Migratory Wave due to Conflicts: Risk of Increased Infection From Zoonotic Diseases.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Review
- Article
- Assessment of Safe Drinking Water Handling Practices in Households of Northern India: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Estimation of Access to Safe Drinking Water to Households in Etawah District: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- Methods in Public Health Environmental Justice Research: a Scoping Review from 2018 to 2021.Current environmental health reports · 2023Article
- A multilevel analysis of improved drinking water sources and sanitation facilities in Ethiopia: Using 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Access to basic drinking water services, safe water storage, and household water treatment practice in rural communities of northwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The Health-Seeking Behavior among Malaysian Adults in Urban and Rural Areas Who Reported Sickness: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Access to improved water and sanitation is essential. We describe these practices in Malaysia using data from a nationwide community survey and used logistic regression to assess the determinants. Of the 7978 living quarters (LQs), 58.3% were in urban areas. About 2.4%, 0.5% and 27.4% of LQs had non-improved water sources, non-improved toilet types and improper domestic waste disposal, respectively. Open burning was practiced by 26.1%. Water source was a problem for long houses (10.5%), squatters (8.5%) and shared houses (4.0%). Non-improved toilet types were 11.9% for squatters and 4.8% for shared houses. Improper domestic waste disposal practices were higher for occupants of village houses (64.2%), long houses (54.4%), single houses (45.8%) and squatters (35.6%). An increase in education or income level was associated with a decrease in improper domestic waste disposal methods. House type significantly affected water and sanitation after adjusting for the effects of other variables. Lower household income was associated with non-improved toilet types and improper domestic waste disposal. Lower education and rural location influenced domestic waste disposal. The water and toilet facilities in Malaysia were generally good, while domestic waste management practices could be improved. There remain pockets of communities with environmental challenges for the nation.
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