ReviewToxics2020
Effects of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury on the Structure and Function of Reproductive Organs.
Review in Toxics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between maternal exposure to mercury during pregnancy and birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Occupational cadmium exposure and endocrine biomarker alterations in male workers: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Association Between Cadmium and Mercury, with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Trace Element Dyshomeostasis as a Mediator of Toxic Metal-Induced Reproductive Dysfunction: Mechanistic Insights and Future Perspectives.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Dietary and Environmental Exposure to Toxic Elements in Endometriosis: A Missing Piece of the Etiological Puzzle?Nutrients · 2026Review
- Article
- Protective Effects of Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum Extract Against Cadmium-Induced Reproductive Oxidative Stress: Experimental and Docking Evidence for a Sustainable Therapeutic Strategy.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Do Perfluorinated Chemicals Enhance the Toxicity of Other Contaminants in Aquatic Organisms? A Review.Toxics · 2026Review
- Review
- Heavy metals as endocrine disruptors.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Associations of Essential and Non-Essential Trace Elements' Levels in the Blood, Serum, and Urine in Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- β-Glucan and resveratrol mitigate lead induced reproductive toxicity in male mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- 10-Hydroxy Decanoic Acid and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Retrieve Nrf2/HO-1 and Caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2 Signaling in Lead-Induced Testicular Toxicity.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessment of Oxidative Stress and Associated Biomarkers in Wild Avian Species.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Content of Biogenic Elements in Sheep Wool by the Regions of Slovakia.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Determination of Electrolytes and Trace Elements in Biological Samples from Patients with Altered Semen Parameters: a Correlational Analysis.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Role of epigenetic regulation in diminished ovarian reserve.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Review
- Role of personal care products as endocrine disruptors affecting reproductive age women.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Review
- Heavy Metal Contamination: Sources, Health Impacts, and Sustainable Mitigation Strategies with Insights from Nigerian Case Studies.F1000Research · 2025Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Reproductive organs are essential not only for the life of an individual but also for the survival and development of the species. The response of reproductive organs to toxic substances differs from that of other target organs, and they may serve as an ideal "barometer" for the deleterious effects of environmental pollution on animal and human health. The incidence of infertility, cancers, and associated maladies has increased in the last fifty years or more, while various anthropogenic activities have released into the environment numerous toxic substances, including cadmium, lead, and mercury. Data from epidemiological studies suggested that environmental exposure to cadmium, lead, and mercury may have produced reproductive and developmental toxicity. The present review focused on experimental studies using rats, mice, avian, and rabbits to demonstrate unambiguously effects of cadmium, lead, or mercury on the structure and function of reproductive organs. In addition, relevant human studies are discussed. The experimental studies reviewed have indicated that the testis and ovary are particularly sensitive to cadmium, lead, and mercury because these organs are distinguished by an intense cellular activity, where vital processes of spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and folliculogenesis occur. In ovaries, manifestation of toxicity induced by cadmium, lead, or mercury included decreased follicular growth, occurrence of follicular atresia, degeneration of the corpus luteum, and alterations in cycle. In testes, toxic effects following exposure to cadmium, lead, or mercury included alterations of seminiferous tubules, testicular stroma, and decrease of spermatozoa count, motility and viability, and aberrant spermatozoa morphology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.