ReviewSocial science & medicine (1982)2021
The southern rural health and mortality penalty: A review of regional health inequities in the United States.
Review in Social science & medicine (1982), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed.
- State-Level Differences in Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption by Income Among Children Aged 1-5 Years, United States, 2021-2023.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2026Article
- Association Between Racial Equity Plans and Political and Sociodemographic Factors in US Cities.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The obesity-related chronic disease index (ORCDi), a novel composite metric to quantify ORCD burden: an ecological study across U.S. census tracts.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Observational
- Testing Associations Between Childhood Abuse and Health in Young Adults in the Deep South: The Mediating Role of Psychological Symptoms.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fruit and vegetable intake among rural populations in the United States, by sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral risk factor surveillance system 2019, 2021.Nutrition and health · 2026Article
- Stakeholder-Perceived Needs in Early Community Nursing Implementation: A Qualitative Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes and costs associated with viral lower respiratory tract disease hospitalisations.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Disparities Across Race, Ethnicity, and Rurality Among Surgical Patients.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2026Article
- Rural Hospital Closures, Hospital Spatial Accessibility, and Preventive Care Receipt in the US South: A Cross-Sectional Ecological Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- "Sitting on the Porch Just Hearing the Crickets": Rural Living and Mental Well-Being Among Veterans in the U.S. South.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Examining health system stakeholder-reported barriers and solutions to foregut cancer care.American journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Mortality Risk After Cancer Diagnosis by County-Level Characteristics in the United States 2000-2021.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Spatial Access to Cancer Care Providers in National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center Catchment Areas.JCO clinical cancer informatics · 2026Article
- Mortality trends involving fatal-arrhythmias and anemia in the United States: A retrospective analysis of 25 years.Medicine · 2026Observational
- Temporal patterns in diabetes and sepsis mortality in older Americans: a population-based analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- You Can Live With It or You Can Die": Southern Gothic Storytelling of Diabetes Management in a Rural South Carolina Town.Qualitative health research · 2026Article
- Inpatient mortality following hip fracture in the United States: an updated analysis of over one million cases.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026Article
- Analysis of health literacy and health outcomes among farmers in border areas: an exploration based on a cross-sectional survey and structural equation modeling in South China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rural-urban differences in morbidity and mortality across the United States have been well documented and termed the "rural mortality penalty". However, research studies frequently treat rural areas as homogeneous and often do not account for geospatial variability in rural health risks by both county, state, region, race, and sex within the United States. Additionally, people living in the rural South of the US have higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared to both their urban counterparts and other rural areas. Of those living in southern rural communities, people of color experience higher rates of death and disease compared to white populations. Although there is a wealth of research that uses individual-level behaviors to explain rural-urban health disparities, there is less focus on how community and structural factors influence these differences. This review focuses on the "southern rural health penalty", a term coined by the authors, which refers to the high rate of mortality and morbidity in southern rural areas in the USA compared to both urban areas and non-southern rural places. We use macrosocial determinants of health to explain possible reasons for the "southern rural health penalty". This review can guide future research on rural health between southern and non-southern populations in the US and examine if macrosocial determinants of health can explain health disparities within southern rural populations.
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