ArticlePLoS pathogens2020
The role of dermis resident macrophages and their interaction with neutrophils in the early establishment of Leishmania major infection transmitted by sand fly bite.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- An In Vitro 3D Collagen-I Model for Studying Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigote Motility.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Mucoricin binding to β-glucan sites on germinating Mucorales spores disrupts neutrophil swarming to promote pathogenicity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- An overview of host immune responses against Leishmania spp. infections.Human molecular genetics · 2025Review
- Targeting macrophage phenotypes to prevent diseases caused byFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Safety and reactogenicity of a controlled human infection model of sand fly-transmitted cutaneous leishmaniasis.Nature medicine · 2024Observational
- Resilience of dermis resident macrophages to inflammatory challenges.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Functional plasticity shapes neutrophil response to Leishmania major infection in susceptible and resistant strains of mice.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- NLRP1-dependent activation of Gasdermin D in neutrophils controls cutaneous leishmaniasis.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Leishmania infantum infection modulates messenger RNA, microRNA and long non-coding RNA expression in human neutrophils in vitro.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Live attenuated-nonpathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Variants of CARD8 in Leishmania guyanensis-cutaneous leishmaniasis and influence of the variants genotypes on circulating plasma cytokines IL-1β, TNFα and IL-8.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- Unrevealing the Mystery of Latent Leishmaniasis: What Cells Can HostPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Immunopathogenesis inFrontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Clinical and immunological spectra of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Africa and French Guiana.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Axl receptor induces efferocytosis, dampens M1 macrophage responses and promotes heart pathology in Trypanosoma cruzi infection.Communications biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is substantial experimental evidence to indicate that Leishmania infections that are transmitted naturally by the bites of infected sand flies differ in fundamental ways from those initiated by needle inocula. We have used flow cytometry and intravital microscopy (IVM) to reveal the heterogeneity of sand fly transmission sites with respect to the subsets of phagocytes in the skin that harbor L. major within the first hours and days after infection. By flow cytometry analysis, dermis resident macrophages (TRMs) were on average the predominant infected cell type at 1 hr and 24 hr. By confocal IVM, the co-localization of L. major and neutrophils varied depending on the proximity of deposited parasites to the presumed site of vascular damage, defined by the highly localized swarming of neutrophils. Some of the dermal TRMs could be visualized acquiring their infections via transfer from or efferocytosis of parasitized neutrophils, providing direct evidence for the "Trojan Horse" model. The role of neutrophil engulfment by dermal TRMs and the involvement of the Tyro3/Axl/Mertk family of receptor tyrosine kinases in these interactions and in sustaining the anti-inflammatory program of dermal TRMs was supported by the effects observed in neutrophil depleted and in Axl-/-Mertk-/- mice. The Axl-/-Mertk-/- mice also displayed reduced parasite burdens but more severe pathology following L. major infection transmitted by sand fly bite.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.