ArticleHandbook of experimental pharmacology2022
Epilepsy and Alterations of the Blood-Brain Barrier: Cause or Consequence of Epileptic Seizures or Both?
Article in Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disulfiram Prevents Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Epileptic Mice by Inhibiting Astrocyte Pyroptosis to Improve Seizure Activity.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Transgenic mouse models of sodium and potassium channelopathies in epilepsy: insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutics.Bioscience reports · 2025Review
- Blood‑brain barrier dysfunction in epilepsy: Mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future orientation (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Lethal Interactions of neuronal networks in epilepsy mediated by both synaptic and volume transmission indicate approaches to prevention.Progress in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Febrile temperature-regulated TRPV1 in CD4Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Exosomes in epilepsy: bridging neuroinflammation, diagnosis, and therapeutic delivery.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- [Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- Time- and region-dependent blood-brain barrier impairment in a rat model of organophosphate-induced status epilepticus.Neurobiology of disease · 2023Article
- The inducible prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES-1) in neuroinflammatory disorders.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Immunological Imbalances Associated with Epileptic Seizures in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Transporter Regulation in Critical Protective Barriers: Focus on Brain and Placenta.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Inhibition of AMPA (α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazole Propionate) Receptor Reduces Acute Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.Translational stroke research · 2022Article
- Study of BBB Dysregulation in Neuropathogenicity Using Integrative Human Model of Blood-Brain Barrier.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Evaluation of IL-10, IFN-γ, and thiol-disulfide homeostasis in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Electrocerebral Signature of Cardiac Death.Neurocritical care · 2021Article
- Prevention or modification of epileptogenesis after brain insults: experimental approaches and translational research.Pharmacological reviews · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic, highly selective barrier primarily formed by endothelial cells connected by tight junctions that separate the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid, thereby preserving a narrow and stable homeostatic control of the neuronal environment. The endothelial cells lining the brain microvessels are under the inductive influence of neighboring cell types within the "neurovascular unit" including astrocytes and pericytes. In addition to the morphological characteristics of the BBB, various specific transport systems, enzymes, and receptors regulate the molecular and cellular traffic across the barrier. Furthermore, the intact BBB prevents many macromolecules and immune cells from entering the brain. This changes dramatically following epileptogenic brain insults; such insults, among other BBB alterations, lead to albumin extravasation and diapedesis of leukocytes from blood into brain parenchyma, inducing or contributing to epileptogenesis, which finally leads to development of spontaneous recurrent seizures and epilepsy. Furthermore, seizures themselves may cause BBB disruption with albumin extravasation, which has been shown to be associated with activation of astrocytes, activation of innate immune systems, and modifications of neuronal networks. However, seizure-induced BBB disruption is not necessarily associated with enhanced drug penetration into the brain, because the BBB expression of multidrug efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein increases, most likely as a "second line defense" mechanism to protect the brain from drug toxicity. Hopefully, a better understanding of the complex BBB alterations in response to seizures and epilepsy can lead to novel therapeutic intervention to prevent epileptogenesis and the development of other detrimental sequelae of brain injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.