Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33136183›Full record

Observational studySurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2021

Anatomy of the axillary arch: from its incidence in human to an embryologic and a phylogenetic explanation of its origins.

Martin Lhuaire, Karl Wehbe, Ignacio Garrido, Vincent Hunsinger, Mohamed Derder, Vincent Balaya, Vincent Delmas, Peter Abrahams, Daniele Sommacale, Reza Kianmanesh and 2 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 34% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Martin LhuaireDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, 75908, Paris Cedex 15, France. martin.lhuaire@etu.parisdescartes.fr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6989-5901
Karl WehbeDepartment of Gynecology and Oncology Surgery, Institut Jean Godinot, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
Ignacio GarridoDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, 75908, Paris Cedex 15, France.
Vincent HunsingerDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, 75908, Paris Cedex 15, France.
Mohamed DerderDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, 75908, Paris Cedex 15, France.
Vincent BalayaDepartment of Gynecologic and Breast Oncologic Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
Vincent DelmasInstitute of Anatomy, URDIA, EA4465, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
Peter AbrahamsInstitute of Anatomy and Clinical Education, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Daniele SommacaleDepartment of General and Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Robert Debré, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
Reza KianmaneshDepartment of General and Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Robert Debré, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
Christian FontaineFaculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg, Institute of Anatomy and Organogenesis, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
Laurent LantieriDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, 75908, Paris Cedex 15, France.
Université Paris Cité · FRCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims · FRInstitut Jean Godinot · FRParisTech · FRUniversité de Lille · FRUniversity of Warwick · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTypically, the axillary arch is defined as a fleshy slip running from latissimus dorsi to the anterior aspect of the humerus. Phylogeny seems to give the most relevant and plausible explanation of this anatomical variant as a remnant of the panniculus carnosus. However, authors are not unanimous about its origin. We report herein the incidence of axillary arch in a series of 40 human female dissections and present an embryologic and a comparative study in three domestic mammals. MATERIALS AND

methodsForty formalin-preserved Caucasian human female cadavers, one rat (Rattus norvegicus), one rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and one pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) cadavers were dissected bilaterally. A comparative, analytical and a descriptive studies of serial human embryological sections were carried out.

resultsWe found an incidence of axillary arch of 2.5% (n = 1 subject of 40) in Humans. We found a panniculus carnosus inserted on the anterior aspect of the humerus only in the rat and the rabbit but not in the pig. The development of the latissimus dorsi takes place between Carnegie stage 16-23, but the embryological study failed to explain the genesis of the axillary arch variation. However, comparative anatomy argues in favour of a panniculus carnosus origin of the axillary arch.

conclusionsWith an incidence of 2.5% of cases, the axillary arch is a relatively frequent variant that should be known by clinician and especially surgeons. Moreover, while embryology seems to fail to explain the genesis of this variation, comparative study gives additional arguments which suggest a possible origin from the panniculus carnosus.

Indexed as

Anatomic VariationAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsCadaverDissectionFemaleHumansHumerusMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRabbitsRatsRetrospective StudiesSuperficial Back MusclesSus scrofaAxillary archComparative anatomyPigRabbitRat

Identifiers

PMID33136183
OpenAlexW3097253649

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.