SynthesisJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2021
Detecting Delirium: A Systematic Review of Identification Instruments for Non-ICU Settings.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of delirium among older nursing home residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European geriatric medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Delirium among older adults living at home: a systematic review of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Pooled it
- The study on delirium side-effects after ultra-brief pulse electroconvulsive therapy.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Video-based Detection of Delirium in Hospitalized Adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Video-based detection of Delirium in hospitalized adults.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Companionship at hospital discharge and its association with subsequent delirium onset in older adults - the TRADE observational study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Observational
- Detecting delirium in Parkinson's disease: an evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of bedside tools.Age and ageing · 2025Observational
- Evaluating the impact of Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index on in-hospital complications in patients with femoral fracture: a retrospective cohort analysis from the MIMIC-IV 2.2 database.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Spanish transcultural adaptation of the 4AT score for the evaluation of delirium in the emergency department: a prospective diagnostic test accuracy study.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of a Multi-component Delirium Prevention Program Implemented on General Medicine Hospital Units: an Interrupted Time Series Analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Predicting delirium in older non-intensive care unit inpatients: development and validation of the DELIrium risK Tool (DELIKT).International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2023Article
- Postoperative delirium: identifying the patient at risk and altering the course: A narrative review.European journal of anaesthesiology and intensive care · 2023Review
- Managing delirium in acute inpatient units: A cross-sectional study of nursing teams' knowledge and perceived limitations.Nursing open · 2023Article
- Application of Multiple Omics to Understand Postoperative Delirium Pathophysiology in Humans.Gerontology · 2023Review
- Detecting delirium: a systematic review of ultrabrief identification instruments for hospital patients.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- Biomarkers of delirium risk in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Recipe for primary prevention of delirium in hospitalized older patients.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2022Review
- Evaluation of the association of anticholinergic burden and delirium in older hospitalised patients - A cohort study comparing 19 anticholinergic burden scales.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Diagnostic test accuracy of assessment tools for detecting delirium in patients with acute stroke: commentary of a systematic review.British journal of neuroscience nursing · 2022Article
- Harmonization of Four Delirium Instruments: Creating Crosswalks and the Delirium Item-Bank (DEL-IB).The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesDelirium manifests clinically in varying ways across settings. More than 40 instruments currently exist for characterizing the different manifestations of delirium. We evaluated all delirium identification instruments according to their psychometric properties and frequency of citation in published research.
designWe conducted the systematic review by searching Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science from January 1, 1974, to January 31, 2020, with the keywords "delirium" and "instruments," along with their known synonyms. We selected only systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or narrative literature reviews including multiple delirium identification instruments. MEASUREMENTS: Two reviewers assessed the eligibility of articles and extracted data on all potential delirium identification instruments. Using the original publication on each instrument, the psychometric properties were examined using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) framework.
resultsOf 2,542 articles identified, 75 met eligibility criteria, yielding 30 different delirium identification instruments. A count of citations was determined using Scopus for the original publication for each instrument. Each instrument underwent methodological quality review of psychometric properties using COSMIN definitions. An expert panel categorized key domains for delirium identification based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-III through DSM-5. Four instruments were notable for having at least two of three of the following: citation count of 200 or more, strong validation methodology in their original publication, and fulfillment of DSM-5 criteria. These were, alphabetically, Confusion Assessment Method, Delirium Observation Screening Scale, Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98, and Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale.
conclusionFour commonly used and well-validated instruments can be recommended for clinical and research use. An important area for future investigation is to harmonize these measures to compare and combine studies on delirium.
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