ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2021
Brown Fat-Activating Lipokine 12,13-diHOME in Human Milk Is Associated With Infant Adiposity.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk Bioactive Components and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First 2 Years: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to understand the mechanisms driving cardiomyocyte maturation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Prenatal exercise interventions result in subtle changes in the human breast milk metabolome and lipidome 7-14 days postpartum: exploratory analyses of the FitMum randomized controlled trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Trial
- Milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets modulate the infant gut microbiota and metabolome influencing weight gain.Microbiome · 2025Trial
- Select plasma oxylipins as potential biomarkers of effective indomethacin treatment response in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Parental exercise mediates fetal metabolic and cardiac programming.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Maternal exercise during lactation remodels obesity-associated mammary metabolism and milk fatty acids, enhancing offspring lipid oxidation.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Maternal Physical Activity and Its Relationship to the Human Milk Metabolome and Infant Body Composition.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Maternal consumption of urbanized diet compromises early-life health in association with gut microbiota.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Omega-3, Omega-6, and Endocannabinoid Content of Human, Cattle, Goat, and Formula Milk.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gut-X axis.iMeta · 2025Review
- Unaltered 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose concentrations in human milk acutely after endurance exercise: a randomized crossover trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Gestational Diabetes, the Human Milk Metabolome, and Infant Growth and Adiposity.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Early Life Energy Balance: The Development of Infant Energy Expenditure and Intake in the Context of Obesity.Current obesity reports · 2024Review
- Key questions and gaps in understanding adipose tissue macrophages and early-life metabolic programming.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- NR2F2 Reactivation in Early-life Adipocyte Stem-like Cells Rescues Adipocyte Mitochondrial Oxidation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- ScreenDMT reveals DiHOMEs are replicably inversely associated with BMI and stimulate adipocyte calcium influx.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Human cytomegalovirus in breast milk is associated with milk composition and the infant gut microbiome and growth.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Exploring the Effects of Different Drying Methods on Related Differential Metabolites ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparative lipidome study of maternal plasma, milk, and lamb plasma in sheep.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextLittle is known about the specific breastmilk components responsible for protective effects on infant obesity. Whether 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME), an oxidized linoleic acid metabolite and activator of brown fat metabolism, is present in human milk, or linked to infant adiposity, is unknown.
objectiveTo examine associations between concentrations of 12,13-diHOME in human milk and infant adiposity.
designProspective cohort study from 2015 to 2019, following participants from birth to 6 months of age.
settingAcademic medical centers.
participantsVolunteer sample of 58 exclusively breastfeeding mother-infant pairs; exclusion criteria included smoking, gestational diabetes, and health conditions with the potential to influence maternal or infant weight gain.
main outcome measuresInfant anthropometric measures including weight, length, body mass index (BMI), and body composition at birth and at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum.
resultsWe report for the first time that 12,13-diHOME is present in human milk. Higher milk 12,13-diHOME level was associated with increased weight-for-length Z-score at birth (β = 0.5742, P = 0.0008), lower infant fat mass at 1 month (P = 0.021), and reduced gain in BMI Z-score from 0 to 6 months (β = -0.3997, P = 0.025). We observed similar associations between infant adiposity and milk abundance of related oxidized linoleic acid metabolites 12,13-Epoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (12,13-epOME) and 9,10-Dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid (9,10-diHOME), and metabolites linked to thermogenesis including succinate and lyso-phosphatidylglycerol 18:0. Milk abundance of 12,13-diHOME was not associated with maternal BMI, but was positively associated with maternal height, milk glucose concentration, and was significantly increased after a bout of moderate exercise.
conclusionsWe report novel associations between milk abundance of 12,13-diHOME and adiposity during infancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.