ArticleiScience2020
Robust and Specific Secretory IgA Against SARS-CoV-2 Detected in Human Milk.
Article in iScience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Human Milk from Previously COVID-19-Infected Mothers: The Effect of Pasteurization on Specific Antibodies and Neutralization Capacity.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of Adverse Events and Vaccine Related Antibodies in Mother-Infant Dyads.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- "I will breastfeed until the pandemic has ceased to protect her at all costs": a qualitative analysis of black breastfeeding mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Unravelling the effect of parity on immunoglobulins, cytokines and adipokines in human transitional milk and their association with infant infections during the first 6 months of life.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Dynamic Changes in Antibodies and Proteome in Breast Milk of Mothers Infected with Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron: A Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Impact of Maternal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on Immunological Components of Breast Milk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Development and Concordance of Binding and Neutralizing Assays to Determine SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Activity in Human Milk.Pathogens & immunity · 2025Article
- In vivo antiviral efficacy of LCTG-002, a pooled, purified human milk secretory IgA product, against SARS-CoV-2 in a murine model of COVID-19.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk of women given one & two doses of COVID-19 vaccine.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Factors Influencing Breast Milk Antibody Titers during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: An Observational Study.Nutrients · 2024Observational
- Comprehensive Study of the IBMP ELISA IgA/IgM/IgG COVID-19 Kit for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- IgG antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in mother-child dyads after COVID-19 vaccination.Infection · 2024Article
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in human breast milk following SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Infectious virus shedding duration reflects secretory IgA antibody response latency after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Immune Response to Mucosal Immunization with an Oral Probiotic-Based Vaccine in Mice: Potential for Prime-Boost Immunization against SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Milk antibody response after 3iScience · 2023Article
- Review
- Breastmilk from COVID-19 negative lactating mothers shows neutralizing activity against SARS-COV-2.Scientific reports · 2023Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 immune response in human milk has not yet been examined, although protecting infants and young children from COVID-19 is critical for limiting community transmission and preventing serious illness and death. Here, milk samples from eight COVID-19-recovered and seven COVID-19-suspected donors were tested for antibody (Ab) binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. All samples exhibited significant specific IgA reactivity to the full Spike, whereas 80% exhibited significant IgA and secretory (s)Ab binding to the Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD). Additionally, 67% samples exhibited IgG and/or IgM binding to RBD. IgA and sAb titers were highly correlated, indicating most IgA to be sIgA. Overall, these data indicate that a robust sIgA-dominant SARS-CoV-2 Ab response in human milk after infection should be expected in a significant majority of individuals. Further research is highly warranted to determine Ab functionality and the potential for exploiting extracted milk sIgA for therapeutic use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.