ArticleTransplantation direct2020
Circulating Donor Heart Exosome Profiling Enables Noninvasive Detection of Antibody-mediated Rejection.
Article in Transplantation direct, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heart Transplantation: Immunological Challenges Revisited.Current cardiology reviews · 2026Review
- Exosomes as a biomarker in postoperative complications: a literature review.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Circulating T cell specific extracellular vesicle profiles in cardiac allograft acute cellular rejection.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Heart transplantation and biomarkers: a review about their usefulness in clinical practice.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Engineering Exosomes for Therapeutic Applications: Decoding Biogenesis, Content Modification, and Cargo Loading Strategies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- New insights into maladaptive vascular responses to donor specific HLA antibodies in organ transplantation.Frontiers in transplantation · 2023Review
- Circulating microRNAs in cellular and antibody-mediated heart transplant rejection.The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEndomyocardial biopsy remains the gold standard for distinguishing types of immunologic injury-acute versus antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Exosomes are tissue-specific extracellular microvesicles released by many cell types, including transplanted heart. Circulating transplant heart exosomes express donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) I molecules. As AMR is mediated by antibodies to donor HLAs, we proposed that complement deposition that occurs with AMR at tissue level would also occur on circulating donor heart exosomes.
methodsPlasma exosomes in 4 patients were isolated by column chromatography and ultracentrifugation. Donor heart exosomes were purified using anti-donor HLA I antibody beads and complement C4d protein expression was assessed in this subset as marker for AMR.
resultsThree patients had no rejection episodes. Circulating donor heart exosomes showed troponin protein and mRNA expression at all follow-up time points. One patient developed AMR on day 14 endomyocardial biopsy that was treated with rituximab, IVIG/plasmapheresis. Time-specific detection of C4d protein was seen in donor heart exosome subset in this patient, which resolved with treatment. C4d was not seen in other 3 patients' donor exosomes.
conclusionsAnti-donor HLA I specificity enables characterization of circulating donor heart exosomes in the clinical setting. Further characterization may open the window to noninvasively diagnose rejection type, such as AMR.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.