ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2020
A Proposed Role for Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Damaging Behavior in Pigs.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Behavioral responses of pigs to dietary alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters: a systematic review.Veterinary research communications · 2026Pooled it
- Early-Life Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome Is Associated with Later Tail Integrity and Systemic Hematological Changes in Organically Raised Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Feeding of Undocked Pigs: Effects of Feed Components and Feed Composition.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Article
- Investigation of Metabolites in Feces and Plasma Associated with the Number of Piglets Weaned per Sow per Year.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Breed- and Line-Dependent Severity of Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome in AI Boars, and the Related Risk of Inflammation and Necrosis in Their Progeny.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of sanitary conditions and dietary amino acids on behaviour and brain monoamine levels in piglets.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Article
- Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome in Young Piglets-A Longitudinal Study.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Effects of Adding Hydroxytyrosol to the Diet of Pigs in the Nursery Phase on Growth Performance, Biochemical Markers, and Fatty Acid Profile.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Effects on Performance, Immunological Response and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in Feces of Nursery Piglets Fed with Organic Acids and Yeast Wall.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Tail Length and Tail Kinks in Piglets.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of zearalenone in sugar beet products on zootechnical and reproductive performance and lesions of sows and piglets.Mycotoxin research · 2025Article
- Screening of Piglets for Signs of Inflammation and Necrosis as Early Life Indicators of Animal Health and Welfare Hazards.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Effects of probiotics on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota weaning pig challenged withJournal of animal science and technology · 2025Article
- Dietary β-mannanase reduced post-weaning diarrhea of pigs by positively modulating gut microbiota and attenuating systemic immune responses.Animal microbiome · 2024Article
- The Effects of Octapeptin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Serum Immunity, and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- The Effect of Vitamins on the Immune Systems of Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- A microencapsulated blend of botanicals supports weaning piglets during a lipopolysaccharide challenge by modulating liver inflammation and intestinal integrity.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- Fewer culturable Lactobacillaceae species identified in faecal samples of pigs performing manipulative behaviour.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sickness can change our mood for the worse, leaving us sad, lethargic, grumpy and less socially inclined. This mood change is part of a set of behavioral symptoms called sickness behavior and has features in common with core symptoms of depression. Therefore, the physiological changes induced by immune activation, for example following infection, are in the spotlight for explaining mechanisms behind mental health challenges such as depression. While humans may take a day off and isolate themselves until they feel better, farm animals housed in groups have only limited possibilities for social withdrawal. We suggest that immune activation could be a major factor influencing social interactions in pigs, with outbreaks of damaging behavior such as tail biting as a possible result. The hypothesis presented here is that the effects of several known risk factors for tail biting are mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, proteins produced by the immune system, and their effect on neurotransmitter systems. We describe the background for and implications of this hypothesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.