Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33133658›Full record

ArticleCentral European journal of urology2020

A four month squatting-based pelvic exercise regime cures day/night enuresis and bowel dysfunction in children aged 7-11 years.

Angel Garcia-Fernandez, Peter Emanuel Petros

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Central European journal of urology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in the First Trimester of Primipara: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Angel Garcia-FernandezUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Córdoba, Argentina.
Peter Emanuel PetrosUniversity of NSW Professorial, Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
St Vincent's Hospital Sydney · AUUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba · AR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn 2004, Patricia Skilling developed a new squatting-based pelvic floor rehabilitation method based on strengthening the three reflex pelvic muscles and ligaments hypothesized to control the closure and micturition reflexes. We adapted these methods to test our hypothesis that day/night enuresis was due to the inability of these muscles/ligaments to control an inappropriately activated micturition reflex. MATERIAL AND

methodsThe trial commenced as a randomized control trial to be conducted over 4 months, but was converted to a prospective trial at 4 weeks by order of the Ethics Committee. A total of 48 children, 7.6 ±2.5 years, 34 females, 14 males, had strictly supervised exercises twice daily, 10 squats, 10 bridge, fitball exercises involving proprioception exercises with surface perineal electromyogram (EMG) once a week.Eligibility criteria were daytime urine leakage plus night-time bedwetting. Exclusion criterion was refusal to sign consent forms. Assessment was done by intention to treat. The criterion for cure was complete dryness.

resultsAt 1

conclusionsWe believe our methods accelerated normal childhood strengthening of muscles/ligaments which control inappropriate activation of the micturition reflex which we hypothesize is the basis for daytime/nighttime enuresis. This is a simple treatment, needs diligent application and validation by others.

Indexed as

bedwettingconstipationdaytime/nighttime enuresisfecal incontinenceurinary retention

Identifiers

PMID33133658
PMCPMC7587486
OpenAlexW3096186515

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.